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MF2 Microbiology > Medical Parasitology > Flashcards

Medical Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

7 risk factors for parasitic disease

A

Domicile/traveler in endemic zones
Consumption of raw or incompletely cooked food
Barefoot exposure to soil
Exposure to fresh water
Blood to blood exposures (blood transfusions, IV drug use)
Sexual activity
Immunocompromised

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2
Q

Type of host that harbors adult parasite; is where reproduction takes place

A

Definitive host

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3
Q

Type of host that harbors larval forms; is where asexual reproduction takes place but adults do not develop

A

Intermediate hosts

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4
Q

Infection passed from an animal to a human

A

Zoonotic

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5
Q

A zoonotic infection describes this

A

Passed from animal to a human

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6
Q

2 types of vectors

A

Mechanical or biological

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7
Q

Are protozoans or metazoans single-celled organisms?

A

Protozoans

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8
Q

Are protozoans or metazoans multicellular organisms?

A

Metazoans

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9
Q

4 relevant phyla of protozoans

A

Amoebozoa
Flagellates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans (aka Sporozoans or Coccidians)

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10
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Amoebozoa (include Loboseans and Heteroloboseans)

A

Protozoan

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11
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Flagellates (include Diplomonads, Parabasalids, and Kinetoplastids)

A

Protozoan

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12
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Ciliates (Ciliophora)

A

Protozoan

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13
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Apicomplexans (aka Sporozoans or Coccidians)

A

Protozoan

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14
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Nemathelminths (roundworms)

A

Metazoan

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15
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Platyhelmintes (flatworms)

A

Metazoan

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16
Q

Other names for roundworms

A

Nematodes, Nemathelminthes

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17
Q

Other name for flatworms

A

Platyhelmintes

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18
Q

2 subdivisions of Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

A

Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (Flukes)

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19
Q

Other name for cestodes

A

Tapeworms

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20
Q

Other name for trematodes

A

Flukes

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21
Q

Other name for tapeworms

A

Cestodes

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22
Q

Other name for Flukes

A

Trematodes

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23
Q

Other name for flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

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24
Q

Protozoans typically require a large amount of this

A

Moisture

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25
Q

Majority of protozoans are _______

A

free-living
Found in marine, fresh water and terrestrial habitats

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26
Q

Protozoans are an important part of the food chain because of this function

A

Are essential decomposers

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27
Q

Do protozoans have a cell wall?

A

No

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28
Q

Are protozoans eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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29
Q

Do protozoans have chloroplasts?

A

No

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30
Q

Do protozoans have structures for movement?

A

Yes
Cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia

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31
Q

Protozoan vegetative or feeding form

A

Trophozoite

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32
Q

Protozoan resting form

A

Cyst

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33
Q

Trophozoite is this form of protozoan

A

Vegetative or feeding form

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34
Q

Cyst is this form of protozoan

A

Resting form

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35
Q

Most common mode of protozoan reproduction

A

Binary fission

36
Q

Process where the nucleus divides numerous times then the cell produces numerous single-celled organisms
Many protozoans replicate via this mechanism

A

Schizogony

37
Q

Schizogony is a method of reproduction involving many fissions, and is used by this type of microorganism

A

Protozoans

38
Q

3 mechanisms of entry for protozoan infections

A

Ingestion
Sexual transmission
Via arthropods

39
Q

Protozoan pathogenesis involves these 2 main effects

A

Tissue damage
Release of toxins

40
Q

Amoebozoa move by this

A

Pseudopodia

41
Q

Amoebozoa possess this many nuclei per cell

42
Q

Amoebozoa replicate by this

A

binary fission

43
Q

Amoebozoa ingest by this

A

Endocytosis

44
Q

2 groups of Amoebozoa

A

Loboseans and Heteroloboseans

45
Q

Flexible body form of Amoebozoa

46
Q

Group of Amoebozoa that extend and retract pseudopodia
Engulf food particles by phagocytosis

47
Q

Group of Amoebozoa that are ameboid (flexible body form), also form flagellated cells

A

Heteroloboseans

48
Q

Do flagellated protists have mitochondria?

49
Q

How do flagellated protists reproduce?

50
Q

Flagellated protist that typically have 2 nuclei and reside in stagnant water low in O2 or in anaerobic conditions inside hosts

A

Diplomonads

51
Q

Flagellated protists that live within the host
Some cause disease; a few also reproduce sexually
Hydrogenosome produces some ATP while generating hydrogen

A

Parabasalids

52
Q

Flagellated protist that have at least one flagellum
Distinctive complex mass of DNA in their large single mitochondrion

A

Kinetoplastids

53
Q

Protozoans that move by cilia coating the cell
Form cysts under adverse conditions

A

Ciliates (Ciliophora)

54
Q

Ciliates possess this many nuclei per cell

55
Q

Ciliates replicate via this

A

Binary fission

56
Q

Ciliates ingest nutrients through this

57
Q

Ciliates excrete waste through this

58
Q

Protozoans that ingest nutrients through cytostome and excrete waste through anal pore

A

Ciliates (Ciliophora)

59
Q

Protozoans that are intracellular parasites
Apical complex at one end; helps penetrate membrane of host cells
Many have complex life cycles, alternate between sexual and asexual forms

A

Apicocomplexans (Sporozoans or Coccidians)

60
Q

Apicomplexans have this which helps penetrate membrane of host cells

A

Apical complex at one end

61
Q

Metazoans that multicellular, complex organisms
Have rudimentary nervous and digestive systems
Have outer covering (cuticle) that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt)
Use sexual reproduction (egg laying); males and females may be separate individuals or in the same organism (hermaphroditic)
Are highly allergenic

62
Q

Helminths have this outer covering that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt)

63
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

Outer covering that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt) in helminths

64
Q

Reproduction mechanism of helminths

A

Sexual reproduction

65
Q

Parasitic helminths that are male and female

A

Nematodes aka roundworms

66
Q

Parasitic helminths that are hermaphroditic

A

Cestodes aka tapeworms
Also often trematodes aka flukes

67
Q

4 mechanisms of helminth entry into the body

A

By intermediate host
Fecal-oral
Skin penetration
Injection by blood-sucking insect

68
Q

Helminth with long, cylindrical, narrow bodies
Exist as separate sexes
Have digestive tracts
Transmission, either the egg or the larvae can be infectious unit

69
Q

Shape of nematodes

A

Long, cylindrical, narrow bodies
Roundworms

70
Q

Helminths with flattened body surfaces
Are hermaphroditic
Possess or lack digestive tracts
Possess hooks and/or suckers for attaching to tissues

A

Platyhelminths (flatworms)

71
Q

Shape of platyhelminths

A

Flattened body surfaces
(Flatworms)

72
Q

Sexes of nematodes

A

Exist as separate sexes

73
Q

Sexes of platyhelminths

A

Hermaphroditic (except for blood flukes)

74
Q

Platyhelminths that possess digestive tracts

A

Flukes / Trematodes

75
Q

Platyhelminths that lack digestive tracts

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

76
Q

Platyhelminths that possess hooks for attaching to tissues

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

77
Q

Platyhelminths that possess suckers for attaching to tissues

A

Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (flukes)

78
Q

Humans are this type of host for intestinal cestodes and tapeworms

A

Definitive hosts
Become infected by ingesting larvae; adult worms live in the intestine

79
Q

Humans are this type of host for tissue cestodes

A

Intermediate hosts
Become infected by ingesting eggs; larvae live in tissues

80
Q

Helminths with bilateral symmetry and leaf-shaped
Suckers to hold as well as suck fluid
Most are hermaphroditic
Snail can be intermediate host

A

Trematodes

81
Q

Shape of trematodes

A

Bilateral symmetry and leaf-shaped

82
Q

Common intermediate host for trematodes

83
Q

Term for microbes that live on/in us
Faithful to one host

84
Q

Term for microbes that feed on us intermittently
Important as vectors

85
Q

Term for microbes that physically spread germs

MF2 Microbiology (5 decks)

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