Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Medical Parasitology > Flashcards

Medical Parasitology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 risk factors for parasitic disease

A

Domicile/traveler in endemic zones
Consumption of raw or incompletely cooked food
Barefoot exposure to soil
Exposure to fresh water
Blood to blood exposures (blood transfusions, IV drug use)
Sexual activity
Immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type of host that harbors adult parasite; is where reproduction takes place

A

Definitive host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type of host that harbors larval forms; is where asexual reproduction takes place but adults do not develop

A

Intermediate hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infection passed from an animal to a human

A

Zoonotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A zoonotic infection describes this

A

Passed from animal to a human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of vectors

A

Mechanical or biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are protozoans or metazoans single-celled organisms?

A

Protozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are protozoans or metazoans multicellular organisms?

A

Metazoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 relevant phyla of protozoans

A

Amoebozoa
Flagellates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans (aka Sporozoans or Coccidians)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Amoebozoa (include Loboseans and Heteroloboseans)

A

Protozoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Flagellates (include Diplomonads, Parabasalids, and Kinetoplastids)

A

Protozoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Ciliates (Ciliophora)

A

Protozoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Apicomplexans (aka Sporozoans or Coccidians)

A

Protozoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Nemathelminths (roundworms)

A

Metazoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Platyhelmintes (flatworms)

A

Metazoan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other names for roundworms

A

Nematodes, Nemathelminthes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Other name for flatworms

A

Platyhelmintes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 subdivisions of Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

A

Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (Flukes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Other name for cestodes

A

Tapeworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Other name for trematodes

A

Flukes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other name for tapeworms

A

Cestodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Other name for Flukes

A

Trematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Other name for flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Protozoans typically require a large amount of this

A

Moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Majority of protozoans are _______

A

free-living
Found in marine, fresh water and terrestrial habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Protozoans are an important part of the food chain because of this function

A

Are essential decomposers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Do protozoans have a cell wall?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Are protozoans eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Do protozoans have chloroplasts?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Do protozoans have structures for movement?

A

Yes
Cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Protozoan vegetative or feeding form

A

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Protozoan resting form

A

Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Trophozoite is this form of protozoan

A

Vegetative or feeding form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cyst is this form of protozoan

A

Resting form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Most common mode of protozoan reproduction

A

Binary fission

36
Q

Process where the nucleus divides numerous times then the cell produces numerous single-celled organisms
Many protozoans replicate via this mechanism

A

Schizogony

37
Q

Schizogony is a method of reproduction involving many fissions, and is used by this type of microorganism

A

Protozoans

38
Q

3 mechanisms of entry for protozoan infections

A

Ingestion
Sexual transmission
Via arthropods

39
Q

Protozoan pathogenesis involves these 2 main effects

A

Tissue damage
Release of toxins

40
Q

Amoebozoa move by this

A

Pseudopodia

41
Q

Amoebozoa possess this many nuclei per cell

A

1-2

42
Q

Amoebozoa replicate by this

A

binary fission

43
Q

Amoebozoa ingest by this

A

Endocytosis

44
Q

2 groups of Amoebozoa

A

Loboseans and Heteroloboseans

45
Q

Flexible body form of Amoebozoa

A

Ameboid

46
Q

Group of Amoebozoa that extend and retract pseudopodia
Engulf food particles by phagocytosis

A

Loboseans

47
Q

Group of Amoebozoa that are ameboid (flexible body form), also form flagellated cells

A

Heteroloboseans

48
Q

Do flagellated protists have mitochondria?

A

No

49
Q

How do flagellated protists reproduce?

A

Asexually

50
Q

Flagellated protist that typically have 2 nuclei and reside in stagnant water low in O2 or in anaerobic conditions inside hosts

A

Diplomonads

51
Q

Flagellated protists the live within the host
Some cause disease; a few also reproduce sexually
Hydrogenosome produces some ATP while generating hydrogen

A

Parabasalids

52
Q

Flagellated protist that have at least one flagellum
Distinctive complex mass of DNA in their large single mitochondrion

A

Kinetoplastids

53
Q

Protozoans that move by cilia coating the cell
Form cysts under adverse conditions

A

Ciliates (Ciliophora)

54
Q

Ciliates possess this many nuclei per cell

A

1-2

55
Q

Ciliates replicate via this

A

Binary fission

56
Q

Ciliates ingest nutrients through this

A

Cytostome

57
Q

Ciliates excrete waste through this

A

Anal pore

58
Q

Protozoans that ingest nutrients through cytostome and excrete waste through anal pore

A

Ciliates (Ciliophora)

59
Q

Protozoans that are intracellular parasites
Apical complex at one end; helps penetrate membrane of host cells
Many have complex life cycles, alternate between sexual and asexual forms

A

Apicocomplexans (Sporozoans or Coccidians)

60
Q

Apicomplexans have this which helps penetrate membrane of host cells

A

Apical complex at one end

61
Q

3 protozoan parasites health strategies

A

Control presence in environment
Prevention of infection
Treatment of infection

62
Q

Metazoans that multicellular, complex organisms
Have rudimentary nervous and digestive systems
Have outer covering (cuticle) that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt)
Use sexual reproduction (egg laying); males and females may be separate individuals or in the same organism (hermaphroditic)
Are highly allergenic

A

Helminths

63
Q

Helminths have this outer covering that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt)

A

Cuticle

64
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

Outer covering that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt) in helminths

65
Q

Reproduction mechanism of helminths

A

Sexual reproduction

66
Q

Parasitic helminths that are male and female

A

Nematodes aka roundworms

67
Q

Parasitic helminths that are hermaphroditic

A

Cestodes aka tapeworms
Also often trematodes aka flukes

68
Q

4 mechanisms of helminth entry into the body

A

By intermediate host
Fecal-oral
Skin penetration
Injection by blood-sucking insect

69
Q

Helminth with long, cylindrical, narrow bodies
Exist as separate sexes
Have digestive tracts
Transmission, either the egg or the larvae can be infectious unit

A

Nematode

70
Q

Shape of nematodes

A

Long, cylindrical, narrow bodies
Roundworms

71
Q

Helminths with flattened body surfaces
Are hermaphroditic
Possess or lack digestive tracts
Possess hooks and/or suckers for attaching to tissues

A

Platyhelminths (flatworms)

72
Q

Shape of platyhelminths

A

Flattened body surfaces
(Flatworms)

73
Q

Sexes of nematodes

A

Exist as separate sexes

74
Q

Sexes of platyhelminths

A

Hermaphroditic (except for blood flukes)

75
Q

Platyhelminths that possess digestive tracts

A

Flukes / Trematodes

76
Q

Platyhelminths that lack digestive tracts

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

77
Q

Platyhelminths that possess hooks for attaching to tissues

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

78
Q

Platyhelminths that possess suckers for attaching to tissues

A

Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (flukes)

79
Q

Humans are this type of host for intestinal cestodes and tapeworms

A

Definitive hosts
Become infected by ingesting larvae; adult worms live in the intestine

80
Q

Humans are this type of host for tissue cestodes

A

Intermediate hosts
Become infected by ingesting eggs; larvae live in tissues

81
Q

Helminths with bilateral symmetry and leaf-shaped
Suckers to hold as well as suck fluid
Most are hermaphroditic
Snail can be intermediate host

A

Trematodes

82
Q

Shape of trematodes

A

Bilateral symmetry and leaf-shaped

83
Q

Common intermediate host for trematodes

A

Snail

84
Q

Term for microbes that live on/in us
Faithful to one host

A

Parasitic

85
Q

Term for microbes that feed on us intermittently
Important as vectors

A

Predatory

86
Q

Term for microbes that physically spread germs

A

Polluting

Microbiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions