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Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 broad descriptions of fungi

A

Eukaryotic and nonphotosynthetic

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2
Q

Fungi cell walls contain these 2 things

A

Beta glucans (long polymer of D-glucose) and chitin (polysaccharide chain of N-acetylglucosamine)

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3
Q

Long polymer of D-glucose present in fungal cell walls

A

Beta glucans

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4
Q

Polysaccharide chain of N-acetylglucosamine that is present in fungal cell walls

A

Chitin

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5
Q

Fungal cell membranes contain this

A

Ergosterol
(contrast to animal cells that contain cholesterol)

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6
Q

Single-celled fungi

A

Yeast

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7
Q

Mutlicellular fungi

A

Molds

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8
Q

Dimorphic fungi exist as yeast at this temperature

A

Physiologic temperature
(in tissue and when nutrients are abundant)

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9
Q

Dimorphic fungi exist as mold at this temperature

A

Ambient temperatures
(when conditions are less than optimal)

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10
Q

Fungi produce spores for airborne dissemination when they are in this form

A

Mold-like at ambient temperatures or when conditions are less than optimal

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11
Q

Do fungi carry out sexual or asexual reproduction?

A

Both

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12
Q

This is the basis for traditional fungal classification

A

Sexual reproduction

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13
Q

3 main classes of fungi that reproduce sexually

A

Murcormycetes/Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes

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14
Q

Sexual spores of mucormycetes aka zygomycetes

A

Zygospores

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15
Q

Asexual spores of mucormycetes aka zygomycetes

A

Sporangiospores

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16
Q

Type of hyphae of mucormycetes aka zygomycetes

A

Continuous

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17
Q

Sexual spores of ascomycetes

A

Ascospores

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18
Q

Asexual spores of ascomycetes

A

Conidiospores

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19
Q

Largest group of sexually reproducing fungi

A

Ascomycetes

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20
Q

Hyphae of ascomycetes

A

Septate hyphae

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21
Q

Sexual spores of basidiomycetes

A

Basidiospores

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22
Q

Asexual spores of basidiomycetes

A

Conidiospores

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23
Q

Hyphae of basidiomycetes

A

Septate

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24
Q

Asexual spores that are contained in a structure

A

Sporangiospores (e.g. Mucormycetes)

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25
Q

Asexual spores that are “born naked” on specialized structures

A

Conidiospores (e.g. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes)

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26
Q

2 types of asexual spores

A

Sporangiospores if they are contained in a structure (Mucormycetes)
Conidia if they are “born naked” on specialized structures (Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes)

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27
Q

2 Asexual spores that form by fragmentation of hyphae

A

Arthrospores and chlamydospores

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28
Q

Asexual spores that are rounded, thick-walled, resistant to heat and drying, and form by fragmentation of hyphae

A

Chlamydospores

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29
Q

Asexual spores that are rectangular and form by fragmentation of hyphae

A

Arthrospores

30
Q

Asexual spores that form by budding / asymmetrical division

A

Blastospores (yeasts)

31
Q

5 groupings of pathogenic fungi

A

Superficial
Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Systemic
Opportunistic

32
Q

Pathogenic fungi are groups according to this

A

Tissues they infect

33
Q

Most fungal infections are:

A

Mild and self-limiting

34
Q

Superficial mycoses infect this type of tissue

A

Nonliving tissue
No cellular reactions

35
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that affect most superficial surfaces of the skin and hair; usually cosmetic only, no physical discomfort, easily treated
Colonize only nonliving tissue, no cellular reactions

A

Superficial mycoses

36
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are restricted to keratinized tissues such as nails, hair, and stratum corneum
Most are probably obligate human parasites; few are found in soil
Can be transmitted person-to-person

A

Cutaneous mycoses

37
Q

How are cutaneous mycoses transmitted?

A

Person to person

38
Q

Cutaneous mycoses affect this type of tissue

A

Keratinized tissues such as nails, hair, and stratum corneum

39
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are often called ringworm or tineas

A

Cutaneous mycoses

40
Q

In all cases of cutaneous mycoses, infection begins in this

A

Cornified (horny) layer of skin

41
Q

Cutaneous mycoses are often called this

A

Ringworm or tineas
Because infection begins in cornified (horny) layer of skin and spreads outward

42
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that involve deeper layers of the skin, muscle, and connective tissue
Live in soil or on decaying vegetation
Gain access via trauma and spread along the lymphatics
In general the lesions become granulomatous and expand slowly with insidious onset and characterized by abscess formation
May be extremely disfiguring and fatal. Those working outdoors are the most susceptible.

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

43
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses involve this type of tissue

A

Deeper layers of the skin, muscle, and connective tissue

44
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses live here

A

In soil or on decaying vegetation

45
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses gain access via this

A

Trauma

46
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that become granulomatous and expand slowly with insidious onset and characterized by abscess formation

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

47
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses lesions generally become these

A

Granulomatous
Expand slowly with insidious onset and characterized by abscess formation

48
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses lesions become granulomatous and expand slowly with insidious onset, and characterized by formation of this

A

Abscess

49
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi characterized by abscess formation

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

50
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi whose yeast phases have characteristic morphology that is useful for diagnosis by examination of tissue sample

A

Systemic (endemic) mycoses

51
Q

Systemic mycoses live in these environments

A

Alkaline environments
(do not infect birds or bats but live in their feces)

52
Q

Systemic mycoses are acquired by this

A

Inhalation
Primary site of infection being the lungs, but may spread to skin and other organs

53
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses have a tendency to cause formation of this

A

Granuloma

54
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi where primary pulmonary infection is often overlooked and infection is diagnosed during chronic phase, almost uniformly fatal without treatment

A

Systemic mycoses

55
Q

Systemic mycoses is diagnosed during this phase

A

Chronic phase
Primary pulmonary infection is often overlooked and systemic infection is diagnosed during chronic phase, almost uniformly fatal without treatment

56
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are geographically restricted

A

Systemic mycoses

57
Q

Primary site of infection of systemic mycoses

A

Lungs

58
Q

Systemic mycoses is mainly caused by this type of fungi

A

Dimorphic fungi

59
Q

This phase has characteristic morphology useful for diagnosis by examination of tissue sample in systemic mycoses

A

Yeast phase

60
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are common environmental saprophytes or normal body flora

A

Opportunistic mycoses

61
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that requires predisposing factors which weaken the immune system

A

Opportunistic mycoses

62
Q

Opportunistic mycoses require this

A

Predisposing factors that weaken the immune system
(such as Debilitation, endocrine disorders (e.g. diabetes), leukemia, lymphoma, immunosuppression (induced, natural, or acquired), broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, X-irradiation, and therapeutic cytotoxins)

63
Q

2 types of fungi that produce mycotoxins

A

Amanita mushrooms and Aspergillus

64
Q

2 important hepatotoxins made by Amanita mushrooms

A

Amanitin and Phalloidin

65
Q

What are amanitin and phalloidin?

A

Important hepatotoxins made by Amanita mushrooms

66
Q

Amanitin and Phalloidin are important hepatotoxins made by this

A

Amanita mushroom

67
Q

Aspergillus produces this

A

Aflatoxins

68
Q

Aflatoxins are produced by this

A

Aspergillus

69
Q

Common medium used to culture fungi

A

Sabouraud’s agar

70
Q

Sabouraud’s agar is a common media in culturing this

A

Fungi

71
Q

Microscopic examination of fungal isolates looks at these 2 things

A

Size and shape of conidia
Presence of septate or nonseptate (continuous) hyphae

Microbiology (5 decks)

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