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MF2 Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fungi cell walls contain these 2 things

A

Beta glucans (long polymer of D-glucose) and chitin (polysaccharide chain of N-acetylglucosamine)

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2
Q

Long polymer of D-glucose present in fungal cell walls

A

Beta glucans

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3
Q

Polysaccharide chain of N-acetylglucosamine that is present in fungal cell walls

A

Chitin

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4
Q

Fungal cell membranes contain this

A

Ergosterol
(contrast to animal cells that contain cholesterol)

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5
Q

Single-celled fungi

A

Yeast

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6
Q

Mutlicellular fungi

A

Molds

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7
Q

Dimorphic fungi exist as yeast at this temperature

A

Physiologic temperature
(in tissue and when nutrients are abundant)

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8
Q

Dimorphic fungi exist as mold at this temperature

A

Ambient temperatures
(when conditions are less than optimal)

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9
Q

Fungi produce spores for airborne dissemination when they are in this form

A

Mold-like at ambient temperatures or when conditions are less than optimal

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10
Q

Do fungi carry out sexual or asexual reproduction?

A

Both

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11
Q

This is the basis for traditional fungal classification

A

Sexual reproduction

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12
Q

3 main classes of fungi that reproduce sexually

A

Murcormycetes/Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes

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13
Q

Sexual spores of mucormycetes aka zygomycetes

A

Zygospores

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14
Q

Asexual spores of mucormycetes aka zygomycetes

A

Sporangiospores

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15
Q

Type of hyphae of mucormycetes aka zygomycetes

A

Continuous

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16
Q

Sexual spores of ascomycetes

A

Ascospores

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17
Q

Asexual spores of ascomycetes

A

Conidiospores

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18
Q

Largest group of sexually reproducing fungi

A

Ascomycetes

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19
Q

Hyphae of ascomycetes

A

Septate hyphae

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20
Q

Sexual spores of basidiomycetes

A

Basidiospores

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21
Q

Asexual spores of basidiomycetes

A

Conidiospores

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22
Q

Hyphae of basidiomycetes

A

Septate

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23
Q

Asexual spores that are contained in a structure

A

Sporangiospores (e.g. Mucormycetes)

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24
Q

Asexual spores that are “born naked” on specialized structures

A

Conidiospores (e.g. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes)

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25
Q

2 Asexual spores that form by fragmentation of hyphae

A

Arthrospores and chlamydospores

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26
Q

Asexual spores that are rounded, thick-walled, resistant to heat and drying, and form by fragmentation of hyphae

A

Chlamydospores

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27
Q

Asexual spores that are rectangular and form by fragmentation of hyphae

A

Arthrospores

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28
Q

Asexual spores that form by budding / asymmetrical division

A

Blastospores (yeasts)

29
Q

5 groupings of pathogenic fungi

A

Superficial
Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Systemic
Opportunistic

30
Q

Pathogenic fungi are groups according to this

A

Tissues they infect

31
Q

Most fungal infections are:

A

Mild and self-limiting

32
Q

Superficial mycoses infect this type of tissue

A

Nonliving tissue
No cellular reactions

33
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that affect most superficial surfaces of the skin and hair; usually cosmetic only, no physical discomfort, easily treated
Colonize only nonliving tissue, no cellular reactions

A

Superficial mycoses

34
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are restricted to keratinized tissues such as nails, hair, and stratum corneum
Most are probably obligate human parasites; few are found in soil
Can be transmitted person-to-person

A

Cutaneous mycoses

35
Q

How are cutaneous mycoses transmitted?

A

Person to person

36
Q

Cutaneous mycoses affect this type of tissue

A

Keratinized tissues such as nails, hair, and stratum corneum

37
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are often called ringworm or tineas

A

Cutaneous mycoses

38
Q

In all cases of cutaneous mycoses, infection begins in this

A

Cornified (horny) layer of skin

39
Q

Cutaneous mycoses are often called this

A

Ringworm or tineas
Because infection begins in cornified (horny) layer of skin and spreads outward

40
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that involve deeper layers of the skin, muscle, and connective tissue
Live in soil or on decaying vegetation
Gain access via trauma and spread along the lymphatics
In general the lesions become granulomatous and expand slowly with insidious onset and characterized by abscess formation
May be extremely disfiguring and fatal. Those working outdoors are the most susceptible.

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

41
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses involve this type of tissue

A

Deeper layers of the skin, muscle, and connective tissue

42
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses live here

A

In soil or on decaying vegetation

43
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses gain access via this

A

Trauma

44
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that become granulomatous and expand slowly with insidious onset and characterized by abscess formation

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

45
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses lesions generally become these

A

Granulomatous
Expand slowly with insidious onset and characterized by abscess formation

46
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses lesions become granulomatous and expand slowly with insidious onset, and characterized by formation of this

A

Abscess

47
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi characterized by abscess formation

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

48
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi whose yeast phases have characteristic morphology that is useful for diagnosis by examination of tissue sample

A

Systemic (endemic) mycoses

49
Q

Systemic mycoses live in these environments

A

Alkaline environments
(do not infect birds or bats but live in their feces)

50
Q

Systemic mycoses are acquired by this

A

Inhalation
Primary site of infection being the lungs, but may spread to skin and other organs

51
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses have a tendency to cause formation of this

A

Granuloma

52
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi where primary pulmonary infection is often overlooked and infection is diagnosed during chronic phase, almost uniformly fatal without treatment

A

Systemic mycoses

53
Q

Systemic mycoses is diagnosed during this phase

A

Chronic phase
Primary pulmonary infection is often overlooked and systemic infection is diagnosed during chronic phase, almost uniformly fatal without treatment

54
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are geographically restricted

A

Systemic mycoses

55
Q

Primary site of infection of systemic mycoses

A

Lungs

56
Q

Systemic mycoses is mainly caused by this type of fungi

A

Dimorphic fungi

57
Q

This phase has characteristic morphology useful for diagnosis by examination of tissue sample in systemic mycoses

A

Yeast phase

58
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that are common environmental saprophytes or normal body flora

A

Opportunistic mycoses

59
Q

Type of pathogenic fungi that requires predisposing factors which weaken the immune system

A

Opportunistic mycoses

60
Q

Opportunistic mycoses require this

A

Predisposing factors that weaken the immune system
(such as Debilitation, endocrine disorders (e.g. diabetes), leukemia, lymphoma, immunosuppression (induced, natural, or acquired), broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, X-irradiation, and therapeutic cytotoxins)

61
Q

2 types of fungi that produce mycotoxins

A

Amanita mushrooms and Aspergillus

62
Q

2 important hepatotoxins made by Amanita mushrooms

A

Amanitin and Phalloidin

63
Q

What are amanitin and phalloidin?

A

Important hepatotoxins made by Amanita mushrooms

64
Q

Amanitin and Phalloidin are important hepatotoxins made by this

A

Amanita mushroom

65
Q

Aspergillus produces this

A

Aflatoxins

66
Q

Aflatoxins are produced by this

A

Aspergillus

67
Q

Common medium used to culture fungi

A

Sabouraud’s agar

68
Q

Sabouraud’s agar is a common media in culturing this

A

Fungi

69
Q

Microscopic examination of fungal isolates looks at these 2 things

A

Size and shape of conidia
Presence of septate or nonseptate (continuous) hyphae

MF2 Microbiology (5 decks)

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