Medical, OB, GYN (Adult and Peds) Flashcards
Normal Vital Signs for Adult
BP - 120/80
Pulse - 60-100
Respirations - 12-20
Normal vital signs for a child
BP - systolic = 70+(2 x age in years)
Pulse - 2-10yrs 60-140 bpm
10 yrs+ 60-105 bpm
Respirations - 15-30
Vital signs for an infant
BP - systolic is 70 + (2 x age in years)
Pulse - 80-140
(Newborn - 120-160)
Respirations - 25-50
Signs and Symptoms of Emphysema
Shortness of breath
Coughing with excess mucus production
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis
Shortness of breath Restlessness Increased Pulse Rate Increased or decreased breathing rate Shallow or slow breathing Irregular breathing Abdominal breathing Noisy breathing with wheezing, strider or crowing, gurgling, snoring, inability to speak Pale or cyanotic skin Cough Tripod position
Signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction caused by insect sting
Symptoms -
Anxiety, itching, sneezing, coughing, wheezing, runny nose, hoarseness, loss of voice, fainting, sense of impending doom, tightness in throat, tingling feeling, itchy/watery eyes
Signs -
Hives, hypotension, tachycardia , difficulty breathing, wheezing, facial, pharyngeal, and laryngeal edema, strider and noisy breathing, cardiac or respiratory arrest, flushing of skin, swelling of face/neck/hands/feet/tongue, rapid labored breathing, decreased mental status, abdominal pain, cramping, vomiting, diarrhea
List descending order of the divisions of the spine
Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacral - 5 Coccygeal - 4
List causes of an allergic reaction
- Drugs
- Foods
- Insect Bites
- Latex
- Environmental
Treatment for severe asthma attack
Oxygen, Assistance with MDI, SVN treatments of albuterol and iprotroprium bhromide
Ways an allergen can enter the body
Absorption,
inhalation
Ingestion
Injection
Aspirin - Class, mechanism of action, initial dose of
Platelet aggregate inhibitor and NSAID
Prevents platelets from clumping and clots from forming
Adult Dose - 162-324mg
Peds - None
Oral Glucose - Classification, mechanism of action, initial dose of
Carbohydrate and Hyperglycemic
Increases glucose levels in the blood
Adult Dose - 15-50Gm may repeat
Peds Dose - 5-50Gm may repeat
Activated charcoal - Classification, mechanism of action, initial dose of
Adsorbent
Absorbs or binds with and deactivate toxic substances in the G.I. tract
Adult - 30-60Gm (1-2g/kg)
Peds - .5-1g/kg
Nitroglycerin - Classification, mechanism of action, initial dose of
Vasodilator and anti-anginal
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, Dilates coronary arteries resulting in increased myocardial perfusion, Decreases workload on the heart, Decreases Myocardial oxygen demand
Adult Dose - Tablet .4mg/sublingual spray .4 mg May repeat dose 3 to 5 minutes
Max of 3 doses
Epinephrine - Classification, mechanism of action, initial dose of
Bronchodilator and sympathomimetic
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in broncodilation
Adult Dose - .30mg
Peds Dose - .15mg
Albuterol - Classification, mechanism of action, initial dose of
Bronchodilator
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronco dilation
Adult Dose - 2.5mg MDI can assist pt
Peds Dose - child 2-12 is .63-1.25mg
List the parts of the skull
- Frontal bone
- Parietal bone
- temporal bone
- Occipital bone
- orbital bones
- nasal bones
- zygomatic bones
- maxilla
- mandible
- mental foramen
- Mastoid process

List the parts of the pelvis
ANTERIOR VIEW
- iliac crest
- Anterior superior iliac spine
- Anterior inferior iliac spine
- Iliosacral articulation
- Acetabulum
- Obturator foramen
- Pubic symphysis
- Iliopectineal (arcuate) line
- Pubic arch
- Pubic rami
POSTERIOR VIEW - Ileum - posterior superior iliac spine - Anterior superior iliac spine - auricular surface - greater sciatic notch - Acetabulum - Ischial spine - pubis - lesser sciatic notch - ischial tuberosity - ischium 
What’s the treatment for a seizure
ACTIVE SEIZURE
- Protect pt from harm or hazards and avoid unnecessary restraint
- ensure airway is open. No forcing if oral airway. Use nasal if needed.
- suction as needed
- give O2 and BVM if needed
- Transport while keeping pt warm
POST SEIZURE
- Ensure airway is open and breathing/circulation are adequate
- suction if needed
- give 02
- treat any injuries sustained
- be prepared for additional seizures
- Transport while keeping warm
Describe a TIA
A reversible episode of focal neurologic dysfunction lasting a few minutes to a few hours. Symptoms may mimic a stroke. Classified as a TIA if fully resolve within 24 hours.
List conditions likely found on a medical alert bracelet.
Allergies - food or drug Diabetes Epilepsy Dementia Asthma Cardiac  autism, ADD, ADHD
Stages of death and dying
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Common medical disorders/Conditions found in children and the elderly
Kids - respiratory issues, flu, Bronchitis, Asthma, RSV, epiglottis,
Febrile seizures,
geriatric -
Same respiratory issues, dementia, osteoporosis, cancer, brain shrinkage making more prone to head bleeds from falls, less pain sensation, loss of feeling for wounds,
function of the gallbladder
The sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
Function of platelets and white blood cells
Platelets -
Membrane enclosed fragments of specialized cells which when activated release chemical clotting factors needed to form blood clots
White blood cells - 
Involved in destroying micro organisms and producing antibodies which helped the body resist infection
Describe management for suspected child abuse
Report suspicions to hospital, provider, police, your superior, and child abuse hotline.
Define SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
List the modes of transmission associated with aids
Blood, IV drug use, blood transfusions, unprotected sex,
Define advance directive
A DNR order; instructions written in advance of an event that can also include desired Resuscitation efforts as well as a living will which describes pts wishes regarding artificial feeding antibiotics or other sustaining life Support measures
Treatment for a complete airway obstruction in an adult, child, infant
ADULT
Abdominal Thrusts (sitting or standing patient) OR
Chest thrusts (pregnancy patients)
Lay supine and begin CPR (unconscious)
CHILD
Abdominal thrusts (sitting or standing patient)
Lay supine and begin CPR (unconscious) 
If patient becomes unconscious send someone else to activate the EMS system. If no one else available wait until obstruction relieved or you have attempted airway obstruction sequence for two minutes)
INFANT
Five back blows and five chest compressions alternating back blows and chest compressions until obstruction is relieved.
 if infant is unresponsive after 30 chest compressions or if backflows and chest compressions have not cleared the obstruction open airway and look for foreign body. Use finger sweep to remove if seen. Attempt to remove and continue alternating compressions and ventilations until obstruction is relieved. rapid transport
Define medical Director
A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of the EMS system
Define diastolic blood pressure
Pressure remaining in the arteries from the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling
Describe the difficulty in using a BVM
Obtaining an adequate mask seal.
Also patient positioning or possible airway obstructions
Define triage
Process of quickly assessing patients in a multi casualty incident and assigning a priority for receiving treatment
Is from a French word meaning to sort
List the causes of hypoxia
Stroke, shock, difficulty breathing, cardiac, trauma, anaphylaxis, drowning, overdose, respiratory illness or infections, smoke inhalation, asthma, pulmonary embolism, head injury,
Components of primary assessment aka primary survey or initial assessment
- General impression
- Assessing the patients mental status (and manually stabilizing the patient’s head and neck when appropriate)
- Chief complain or life threat
- Assessing the patient’s airway
- Assessing the patient’s breathing
- Assessing the patient’s circulation
- Determining the patient’s priority
Identify the components of the secondary assessment a.k.a. secondary survey
Physical examination
- Vitals
- Patient history (including SAMPLE and OPQRST)
- Assess body part affected/all body systems (MEDICAL - cardio, Neuro, skin, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, G.I., reproductive, psych. TRAUMA -Head, neck, chest, abdomen/pelvis, lower extremities, upper extremities, posterior thorax, lumbar, buttocks)
- Vital signs (to include blood pressure, pulse, respirations, pulse oximetry, glucose, skin, and pupils)
- Diagnostics confirmed with application of Monitor and ECG for dyspnea and chest pain
- Determine field impression
- Develop treatment plan based on findings
- Re-evaluate transport priority
Identify components of the reassessment
Repeat primary assessment
Repeat vitals
Evaluate response to treatments
Repeat secondary assessment
