medical microbiology: parasites

Question 1

protazoa

Answer 1

amoebiasis - entamoeba histolytica
leishmaniasis (sandfly)
malaria

Question 2

worms

Answer 2

ancylostoma duodenale (hookwarm)
schistosomiasis

Question 3

protazoal infections

Answer 3

malaria
babesiosis
chagas

Question 4

malaria

Answer 4

plasmodium species cause malaria via bite of female anophelas mosquito

the process:
sporozoites are injected by mosquito and transferred to liver

matured in the liver –> merozoites during asexual cycle

merozoites –> trophozoite in RBC

in RBC the trophozoite multiplies producing and —> merozoites

lysing RBC releases merozoites as —> gemtocytes

gametocytes can be picked up again by mosquito

Question 5

five species of plasmodium

Answer 5

p. falciparum = most deadly (CNS)
p. vivax = most common 48 h cycle and remission and relapse where infection can remain latent in liver a.k.a. hypnozoites (dormant protozoa)
p. malariae = fever 72 hour cycle (quartan) + TNF alpha production

Question 6

malaria diagnosis

Answer 6

blood smear and Giemsa stain to stain nuclei acid, RBC should not have nucleic acid in them

Question 7

malaria therapy

Answer 7

quinines: chloroquine and mefloquine

vector control

vaccine development, introduce the antigen P falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) to fight off infection from pre erythrocytic phase
> promotes antibody production

Question 8

protozoal: chagas disease

Answer 8

kissing bug = Reduviid bug

transport plasmodium trypanosoma cruzi

symptoms:
romana sign (swollen eye)
myocarditis and congestive heart failure

Question 9

protozoal: babesiosis disease

Answer 9

babesia microti transmitted by deer tick

infect RBC causing fever and haemolytic anaemia

maltese cross in blood film where trophocyte reproduces into 4