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HE100 > Medical Language > Flashcards

Medical Language Flashcards

1
Q

Pericarditis is a condition characterized by:

A

inflammation around the heart

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2
Q

Lying with the anterior section of the body down is known as:

A

the prone position

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3
Q

What are the language skills?

A
  1. reading
  2. listening
  3. thinking, analyzing, understanding
  4. writing (spelling)
  5. speaking (pronouncing)
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4
Q

Which language skills are involved with input and receiving?

A

reading and listening

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5
Q

Which language skills are involved with outputting and relaying?

A

writing and speaking

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6
Q

What are the 3 word parts?

A

combing form, prefix and suffix

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7
Q

Combining form?

A

Foundation of the word (root word)
□ Main medical meaning, often a body part
Most medical words contain a combing form
May contain 2 or more combing forms

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8
Q

Examples of combing forms?

A
  • Muscul/o (muscle)
    • Gastro/o (stomach)
    • Hepat/o (liver)
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9
Q

Prefix?

A

Beginning of the word (optional)
□ Modifies or clarifies medical meaning
□ Single letter or group of letter - ends with hyphen
May contain 2 prefixes

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10
Q

Examples of prefixes?

A
  • Intra- (within)
    • Hyper- (above, more than normal)
    • Anti- (against)
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11
Q

Suffix?

A

End of the word
□ Modifies or clarifies medical meaning/single letter in group of letters- begin with hyphen
Most medical words contain a suffice
May contain 2 suffixes

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12
Q

Examples of Suffix?

A

-Ary
-itis
-logy

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13
Q

cardi/o -logy forms what medical term and what is the definition?

A

cardiology
study of the heart

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14
Q

hyper- thyroid/o- -ism forms what medical term and what is the definition?

A

hyperthyroidism
disease of overactive thyroid

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15
Q

append/o -ectomy forms what medical term and what is the definition?

A

appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix

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16
Q

Learning the Language consists of what?

A

· Anatomy and physiology (word meaning)
· Memorization (prefix, suffix)
· Practice!
· Reading = writing
· Listening = speaking

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17
Q

What is disease?

A

Change in the structure of function of the body
□ Continuum of severity, duration
· Cause or origin of disease - “etiology”
□ Diagnostic procedures determine or confirm causation
E.g. lab tests, diagnostic imaging

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18
Q

What does Idiopathic mean?

A

having no known cause

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19
Q

What are some classifications of disease?

A

congenital
hereditary
degenerative
infectious
neoplastic
latrogenic

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20
Q

Congenital disease?

A

Caused by abnormality in developing fetus of abnormal process in pregnancy/ childbirth

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21
Q

Hereditary disease?

A

genetic inheritance

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22
Q

Degenerative disease?

A

progressive disease over time

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23
Q

Infectious disease?

A

caused by a pathogen

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24
Q

Neoplastic disease?

A

caused by growth of tumour or mass

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25
Q

Iatrogenic disease?

A

caused by medical treatment

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26
Q

What is diagnosis?

A

identification and description of the nature and cause of a disease or condition
· Signs and symptoms (S & S)

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27
Q

What are signs and symptoms?

A

Symptom - change In health status experienced by patient

Signs - symptom seen or detached by others

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28
Q

Symptomology?

A

clinical picture of S & S

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29
Q

What is the process of diagnosis?

A

Symptoms - history - clinical exam - diagnosis

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30
Q

What is working diagnosis and asymptomatic?

A

“Working diagnosis” - diagnostic procedures, referral
· Asymptomatic - without symptoms

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31
Q

What happens during the clinical exam

A

Evaluation of presenting signs and symptoms
□ Talk to your patient
□ Inspection, palpation, auscultation and percussion
□ Vital signs
□ Anthropometric measures

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32
Q

Inspection?

A

To see (physical appearance of the patient and body)

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33
Q

Auscultation?

A

To hear (sound the patient makes, congestion, sore throat etc)

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34
Q

Palpation?

A

looking and listening ( looking for when patient reacts and listening for “ow” )

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35
Q

Percussion?

A

works with palpation (using instruments to assess)

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36
Q

What are vital signs?

A

Body temperature (fever, cold), 36.5-37.5 degrees is normal

Pulse (heart rate), 60-80

Respiration (breathing rate), 12-18 breaths per minute

Blood pressure, 120/80

Pain

Emotional distress

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37
Q

What are Anthropometric measures?

A

□ Height and weight - body mass index (BMI)
□ Girth measurements
▪ Head/waists circumference

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38
Q

What is onset disease?

A

acute vs chronic
Sudden onset of severe symptoms vs symptoms develop and worsened over time

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39
Q

What is Course of disease?

A

Exacerbation: sudden worsening of S & S
Remission: disappearance or improvement in S& S

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40
Q

What are Outcomes of disease?

A
  1. Therapeutic - S & S resolve
    1. Refractory - S & S do not respond to treatment
      □ Recuperation, residual disease/disability, death
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41
Q

What is prognosis?

A

predicted outcomes
□ Progression of disease
□ Prospect for recovery

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42
Q

What is prognosis based on?

A

Presenting signs and symptoms
Severity duration
Treatment options
What we know about the course of disease

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43
Q

How many approaches are there for studying the body?

A

7

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44
Q

What are the 7 different approaches for studying the body?

A
  1. Body plans and body directions
    1. Body cavities
    2. Body quadrants and regions
    3. Anatomy and physiology
    4. Microscopic and macroscopic
    5. Body system
      1. Medical specialities
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45
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Standing
Head is up
Eyes looking forward
Arms by side
Palms facing forward
Legs are straight
Toes pointing forward
Reference positions to divide body into planes

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46
Q

What are body planes and body directions?

A

Body in anatomical position
Can be studied by diving it with planes

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47
Q

Body planes?

A

Imaginary flat surfaces (like a plate of glass)
Divides the body into two parts

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48
Q

What are the 3 body planes?

A

Coronal plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane

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49
Q

Body directions?

A

Represent movement away from or toward those planes

50
Q

What is coronal plane?

A

frontal plane
Vertical plane - divides body into front and back sections
Named for coronal suture in cranium

51
Q

Coronal Plane & Body Directions?

A

· Front of the body
□ Anterior or ventral section (front of body, chest)
· Back of the body:
□ Posterior or dorsal section (back)

52
Q

What is the prone position?

A

Lying with the anterior section of the body down

53
Q

What is the dorsal or supine position?

A

Lying with the posterior section of the body down

54
Q

Posteroanterior Direction?

A

x-ray of anterior using posterior (x-ray of lungs)

55
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Vertical plane - divides the body into right and left sections
Named for sagittal suture in the cranium

56
Q

Sagittal Plane and Body Directions?

A

Moving from the side of the body toward the midline
□ Moving in a medial direction, or medially (moving in from chest)

Moving from the midline toward the side of the body
□ Moving in a lateral direction or laterally (moving out from midline)

Bilateral - both sides

57
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Horizontal plane - divides body into upper and lower sections

Upper half of body is superior section, lower half is inferior

58
Q

Transverse Plane & Body Directions?

A

Moving toward the head is moving in a superior direction, or superiorly
▪ Cephalad direction

Moving toward the tail bone is moving in an inferior direction or inferiorly
▪ Caudad direction

59
Q

What are other body directions and locations?

A

Proximal (moving up to attachment) and distal (moving down from attachment)

Superficial (external part of body- skin)
Deep (internal part of body - organs)

60
Q

What are body cavities?

A

Human body can be studied to its body cavities and their hollow space surrounded by bones or muscles

61
Q

What are the types of body cavities?

A

cranial
spinal
mediastinum *
thoracic
diaphragm
abdominal
pelvic

62
Q

Cranial cavity?

A

houses the brain and nervous innervation, sensory and motor

63
Q

Spinal cavity?

A

spinal cords and nerves

64
Q

Thoracic cavity?

A

lungs

65
Q

Abdominal cavity?

A

abdomen, intestines, stomach, separated by diaphragm, extends immediately to pelvis

66
Q

Pelvic cavity?

A

male and female reproductive organs, urinary tract

67
Q

What are Body Quadrants and Regions?

A

Human body can be studied according to its quadrants and regions (anatomical position)

Anterior surface of abdominopelvic area divided into 4 quadrants or 9 region (right upper and lower, left upper and lower)

68
Q

a- ?

A

away from, without

69
Q

anti -

A

against

70
Q

bi -

A

two

71
Q

poly -

A

many, much

72
Q

brady -

A

slow

73
Q

tachy -

A

fast

74
Q

epi -

A

upon, above

75
Q

sub-

A

below, underneath

76
Q

inter-

A

between

77
Q

intra -

A

within

78
Q

peri -

A

around

79
Q

hyper -

A

above , more than normal

80
Q

hypo -

A

below, deficient

81
Q

pre-

A

before, in front of

82
Q

post -

A

after, behind

83
Q

eu -

A

normal, good

84
Q

mal -

A

bad, inadequate

85
Q

dys -

A

painful, difficult abnormal

86
Q
  • ac
A

pertaining to

87
Q
  • ectomy
A

surgical removal

88
Q
  • scope
A

instrument used to examine

89
Q

-scopy

A

process of using an instrument to examine

90
Q
  • gram
A

a record or picture

91
Q
  • graph
A

process of recording

92
Q
  • ics
A

knowledge, practice

93
Q

-logy

A

the study of

94
Q

-ism

A

process, disease from a specific cause

95
Q

-ist

A

one who specializes in

96
Q
  • itis
A

inflammation of

97
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

98
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

99
Q

-oma

A

tumor or mass

100
Q

-osis

A

condition, process

101
Q

-pathy

A

disease

102
Q

abdomin/o-

A

abdomen

103
Q

append/o-

A

appendix

104
Q

arteri/o-

A

artery

105
Q

arthr/o-

A

joint

106
Q

cardi/o-

A

heart

107
Q

colon/o-

A

colon

108
Q

derm/o-

A

skin

109
Q

gastr/o-

A

stomach

110
Q

intestin/o-

A

intestine

111
Q

mamm/o-

A

breast

112
Q

oste/o-

A

bone

113
Q

muscul/o-

A

muscle

114
Q

hepato/o-

A

liver

115
Q

neur/o-

A

nerve

116
Q

pelv/o-

A

pelvis

117
Q

psych/o-

A

mind

118
Q

pneumon/o-

A

lung, air

119
Q

tens/o-

A

pressure, tension

120
Q

uter/o-

A

uterus

121
Q

ven/o-

A

vein

HE100 (6 decks)

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