Medical Language Flashcards
Pericarditis is a condition characterized by:
inflammation around the heart
Lying with the anterior section of the body down is known as:
the prone position
What are the language skills?
- reading
- listening
- thinking, analyzing, understanding
- writing (spelling)
- speaking (pronouncing)
Which language skills are involved with input and receiving?
reading and listening
Which language skills are involved with outputting and relaying?
writing and speaking
What are the 3 word parts?
combing form, prefix and suffix
Combining form?
Foundation of the word (root word)
□ Main medical meaning, often a body part
Most medical words contain a combing form
May contain 2 or more combing forms
Examples of combing forms?
- Muscul/o (muscle)
- Gastro/o (stomach)
- Hepat/o (liver)
Prefix?
Beginning of the word (optional)
□ Modifies or clarifies medical meaning
□ Single letter or group of letter - ends with hyphen
May contain 2 prefixes
Examples of prefixes?
- Intra- (within)
- Hyper- (above, more than normal)
- Anti- (against)
Suffix?
End of the word
□ Modifies or clarifies medical meaning/single letter in group of letters- begin with hyphen
Most medical words contain a suffice
May contain 2 suffixes
Examples of Suffix?
-Ary
-itis
-logy
cardi/o -logy forms what medical term and what is the definition?
cardiology
study of the heart
hyper- thyroid/o- -ism forms what medical term and what is the definition?
hyperthyroidism
disease of overactive thyroid
append/o -ectomy forms what medical term and what is the definition?
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
Learning the Language consists of what?
· Anatomy and physiology (word meaning)
· Memorization (prefix, suffix)
· Practice!
· Reading = writing
· Listening = speaking
What is disease?
Change in the structure of function of the body
□ Continuum of severity, duration
· Cause or origin of disease - “etiology”
□ Diagnostic procedures determine or confirm causation
E.g. lab tests, diagnostic imaging
What does Idiopathic mean?
having no known cause
What are some classifications of disease?
congenital
hereditary
degenerative
infectious
neoplastic
latrogenic
Congenital disease?
Caused by abnormality in developing fetus of abnormal process in pregnancy/ childbirth
Hereditary disease?
genetic inheritance
Degenerative disease?
progressive disease over time
Infectious disease?
caused by a pathogen
Neoplastic disease?
caused by growth of tumour or mass
Iatrogenic disease?
caused by medical treatment
What is diagnosis?
identification and description of the nature and cause of a disease or condition
· Signs and symptoms (S & S)
What are signs and symptoms?
Symptom - change In health status experienced by patient
Signs - symptom seen or detached by others
Symptomology?
clinical picture of S & S
What is the process of diagnosis?
Symptoms - history - clinical exam - diagnosis
What is working diagnosis and asymptomatic?
“Working diagnosis” - diagnostic procedures, referral
· Asymptomatic - without symptoms
What happens during the clinical exam
Evaluation of presenting signs and symptoms
□ Talk to your patient
□ Inspection, palpation, auscultation and percussion
□ Vital signs
□ Anthropometric measures
Inspection?
To see (physical appearance of the patient and body)
Auscultation?
To hear (sound the patient makes, congestion, sore throat etc)
Palpation?
looking and listening ( looking for when patient reacts and listening for “ow” )
Percussion?
works with palpation (using instruments to assess)
What are vital signs?
Body temperature (fever, cold), 36.5-37.5 degrees is normal
Pulse (heart rate), 60-80
Respiration (breathing rate), 12-18 breaths per minute
Blood pressure, 120/80
Pain
Emotional distress
What are Anthropometric measures?
□ Height and weight - body mass index (BMI)
□ Girth measurements
▪ Head/waists circumference
What is onset disease?
acute vs chronic
Sudden onset of severe symptoms vs symptoms develop and worsened over time
What is Course of disease?
Exacerbation: sudden worsening of S & S
Remission: disappearance or improvement in S& S
What are Outcomes of disease?
- Therapeutic - S & S resolve
- Refractory - S & S do not respond to treatment
□ Recuperation, residual disease/disability, death
- Refractory - S & S do not respond to treatment
What is prognosis?
predicted outcomes
□ Progression of disease
□ Prospect for recovery
What is prognosis based on?
Presenting signs and symptoms
Severity duration
Treatment options
What we know about the course of disease
How many approaches are there for studying the body?
7
What are the 7 different approaches for studying the body?
- Body plans and body directions
- Body cavities
- Body quadrants and regions
- Anatomy and physiology
- Microscopic and macroscopic
- Body system
- Medical specialities
What is the anatomical position?
Standing
Head is up
Eyes looking forward
Arms by side
Palms facing forward
Legs are straight
Toes pointing forward
Reference positions to divide body into planes
What are body planes and body directions?
Body in anatomical position
Can be studied by diving it with planes
Body planes?
Imaginary flat surfaces (like a plate of glass)
Divides the body into two parts
What are the 3 body planes?
Coronal plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane
Body directions?
Represent movement away from or toward those planes
What is coronal plane?
frontal plane
Vertical plane - divides body into front and back sections
Named for coronal suture in cranium
Coronal Plane & Body Directions?
· Front of the body
□ Anterior or ventral section (front of body, chest)
· Back of the body:
□ Posterior or dorsal section (back)
What is the prone position?
Lying with the anterior section of the body down
What is the dorsal or supine position?
Lying with the posterior section of the body down
Posteroanterior Direction?
x-ray of anterior using posterior (x-ray of lungs)
What is the sagittal plane?
Vertical plane - divides the body into right and left sections
Named for sagittal suture in the cranium
Sagittal Plane and Body Directions?
Moving from the side of the body toward the midline
□ Moving in a medial direction, or medially (moving in from chest)
Moving from the midline toward the side of the body
□ Moving in a lateral direction or laterally (moving out from midline)
Bilateral - both sides
What is the transverse plane?
Horizontal plane - divides body into upper and lower sections
Upper half of body is superior section, lower half is inferior
Transverse Plane & Body Directions?
Moving toward the head is moving in a superior direction, or superiorly
▪ Cephalad direction
Moving toward the tail bone is moving in an inferior direction or inferiorly
▪ Caudad direction
What are other body directions and locations?
Proximal (moving up to attachment) and distal (moving down from attachment)
Superficial (external part of body- skin)
Deep (internal part of body - organs)
What are body cavities?
Human body can be studied to its body cavities and their hollow space surrounded by bones or muscles
What are the types of body cavities?
cranial
spinal
mediastinum *
thoracic
diaphragm
abdominal
pelvic
Cranial cavity?
houses the brain and nervous innervation, sensory and motor
Spinal cavity?
spinal cords and nerves
Thoracic cavity?
lungs
Abdominal cavity?
abdomen, intestines, stomach, separated by diaphragm, extends immediately to pelvis
Pelvic cavity?
male and female reproductive organs, urinary tract
What are Body Quadrants and Regions?
Human body can be studied according to its quadrants and regions (anatomical position)
Anterior surface of abdominopelvic area divided into 4 quadrants or 9 region (right upper and lower, left upper and lower)
a- ?
away from, without
anti -
against
bi -
two
poly -
many, much
brady -
slow
tachy -
fast
epi -
upon, above
sub-
below, underneath
inter-
between
intra -
within
peri -
around
hyper -
above , more than normal
hypo -
below, deficient
pre-
before, in front of
post -
after, behind
eu -
normal, good
mal -
bad, inadequate
dys -
painful, difficult abnormal
- ac
pertaining to
- ectomy
surgical removal
- scope
instrument used to examine
-scopy
process of using an instrument to examine
- gram
a record or picture
- graph
process of recording
- ics
knowledge, practice
-logy
the study of
-ism
process, disease from a specific cause
-ist
one who specializes in
- itis
inflammation of
-megaly
enlargement
-metry
process of measuring
-oma
tumor or mass
-osis
condition, process
-pathy
disease
abdomin/o-
abdomen
append/o-
appendix
arteri/o-
artery
arthr/o-
joint
cardi/o-
heart
colon/o-
colon
derm/o-
skin
gastr/o-
stomach
intestin/o-
intestine
mamm/o-
breast
oste/o-
bone
muscul/o-
muscle
hepato/o-
liver
neur/o-
nerve
pelv/o-
pelvis
psych/o-
mind
pneumon/o-
lung, air
tens/o-
pressure, tension
uter/o-
uterus
ven/o-
vein
