Medical Ethics Flashcards
This new code integrates the traditional medical ethics with modern principle and value
Medical ethics
The science of human duty ; the rules of human conduct
Morality
Standards of conduct that prescribes behavior
Ethics
Main goals of ethics
Descriptive and explanatory
Study standards of conduct
Ethicists
An applied ethics in which is the study of moral values and judgements as they apply to medicine
Medical ethics
The best interest of the patient
Beneficence
Salus aegroti suprema lex
First, do no harm
Non maleficence
Primum non nocere
Right to refuse or choose their treatment
Autonomy
Voluntas aegroti suprema lex
Decision of who gets the treatment
Justice
Patient have the right to dignity
Dignity
Concept of informed consent
Truthfulness and honesty
Historical studies without informed consent
Nuremberg trials
Tuskegee Syphilis
Idea that an uninformed agent is at risk of mistakenly making a choice
Informed consent
Commonly applied to conversations between doctors and patients known as patient-physicians privilege
Confidentiality
Recognizes the rights of individual to self determination
Respect for individuals ability to make informed decisions;
It seen as paternalitic
Autonomy
Doctor who violated non maleficence after demonstrating active euthanasia
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
Physician can create a positive outcome while also potentially doing harm
Double effect
Can create difficult medical ethics problems , cultures havinh magical theories about the origins of disease
Cultural concerns
The principle of informed consent takes precedence over other ethical values
Truth-telling
Very common among both academic physician and physicians in practice
Conflicts of interest
Doctors who receive incomes from reffering patients for medical test
Self referral
Doctors can be influenced by drug company inducement
Vendor relationships
Doctors who do so must be vigilant not to create conflicts of interest or treat inappropriately
Treatment of family members
Doctors who enter into sexual relationship with patients
Sexual relationship
Expressed wishes of the patient are documented in these directives , and this provides a framework to guide family members in decision making when the px is incapacitated
Futility
Concept that a family member can give consent
Substitute judgement
Standards of conduct that apply to people who occupy a professional occupation
Professional Ethics
The study of ethical issues and decision making associated with the use of living organism
Bioethics
Practical discipline that provides a structured approach for identifying , analyzing and resolving ethical issues in clinical medicine
Clinical ethics
Practical and applied discipline that aims to improve patient care and patient outcomes by focusing on reaching a right and good decision in individual cases
Clinical Medical Ethics
Conduct of groups or social institutions , whereas ethical and moral standards focus on the conduct individuals
Political standards
Political stadards takes ____ on huma affairs
Macro - perspective
Ethical and moral standards are ______
Microperspective
