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BDS3 BAMS PATIENT SAFETY > Medical Emergencies in Dentistry > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies in Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps followed when assessing a patient with a suspected medical emergency?

A

A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation
D - disability
E - exposure

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2
Q

What are some potential causes of airway obstruction?

A
  • choking
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • swelling
  • anaphylaxis
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3
Q

How can you recognise that a patient has an obstructed airway?

A

are they able to
- talk
- make sounds
- conscious

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4
Q

How can an obstructed airway be treated?

A
  • triple manoeuvre = head tilt, jaw thrust, chin lift
  • adjuncts = oropharyngeal airways
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5
Q

What can alter a patient breathing pattern?

A
  • increase/decrease in demand
  • infection
  • inflammation
  • muscular problem
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6
Q

how can we assess a patients breathing ability?

A
  • look at them (rise & fall of chest/shoulders)
  • listen to any sounds made
  • look at their skin
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7
Q

At what oxygen saturation level (roughly) do the fingers and lips turn blue?

A

84%

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8
Q

At what oxygen saturation level does the tongue turn blue?

A

60%

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9
Q

What are some causes of an abnormal heartbeat rhythm?

A
  • arrhythmias
  • excessive exercise
  • ACS
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10
Q

how can we determine a patients circulation health?

A

Check their pulse
- heart rate
- blood pressure
- cardiac output
- heart rhythm

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11
Q

If a patient has low blood pressure what can be done?

A

lie down and elevate legs

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12
Q

What are examples of emergency medical conditions you may see in the dental practise while treating patients?

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • angina/MI
  • asthma
  • cardiac arrest
  • choking
  • hypoglycaemia
  • seizure/fits
  • syncope
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13
Q

How would a patient suffering from anaphylaxis present on examination?

A

A = swelling/stridor
B = increased rate, wheeze
C = increased rate, hypotension
D = loss of consciousness
E = rash, swelling

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14
Q

How is anaphylaxis treated?

A
  • give oxygen 15L/min
  • adrenaline IM 1:1000, 0.5mg
  • use Z track technique
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15
Q

How would a patient suffering from angina/MI present on examination?

A

A = talking
B = increased rate
C = increased rate
D = alert
E = pale, clammy, central chest pain

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16
Q

How would a patient with angina (on exertion) be treated?

A
  • rest first to see if it stabilises
  • if not give GTN spray, 2 sprays sublingually
  • if still in pain give 300mg aspirin chewed
17
Q

If you suspect a patient is suffering from MI, what would your course of treatment be?

A
  • get patient into comfortable position
  • administer oxygen 15L/min
  • GTN spray sublingual x2
  • 300mg aspirin chewed or crushed (delay drink of water for 10 mins)
18
Q

If a patient is suffering from a mild/moderate asthma attack, what is your course of treatment?

A
  • 2 puffs of salbutamol inhaler (no spacer) and hold for 10 seconds
19
Q

If a patient is suffering from a severe/acute asthma attack, what is your course of treatment?

A
  • use spacer device with 10 puffs of salbutamol and let patient breathe for 20 secs
  • then move onto 15L/min oxygen
20
Q

How would a patient suffering from hypoglycaemia present?

A

A = initially talking, may lose consciousness
B = initially increased rate
C = initially increased rate
D = Initially alert
E = irritable, confused, pale

21
Q

What is the treatment for a hypoglycaemic patient that can talk?

A

Give glucose (rapid relief gel swallowed/rubbed into gums) and monitor

22
Q

What is the treatment for a hypoglycaemic patient that has lost consciousness?

A

Glucagon 1mg IM injection
- comes as a separate fluid & powder, infect fluid into powder, invert until mixed DO NOT SHAKE!
- use Z track technique
- after they regain consciousness try to give them some glucose

23
Q

What are the side effects of IM glucagon injection?

A

Severe nausea

24
Q

How would a patient suffering from a seizure/fit present?

A

A = compromised
B = differs in each patient
C = differs in each patient
D = unresponsive
E = seizure activity, incontinence

25
Q

How would you treat a patient that is suffering from a seizure?

A
  • oxygen 15L/min
  • time the seizure(s)
  • if prolonged seizure (>5 mins) or multiple seizures give 10mg Midazolam via buccal mucosa (squirt into buccal sulcus)
26
Q

How would a syncope patient present on examination?

A

A = compromised
B = reduced rate
C = reduced rate & pressure
D = unresponsive
E = pale and clammy

reverts back to normal very quickly (if not suspect something else)

27
Q

What is the treatment option for syncope?

A

Elevate legs

BDS3 BAMS PATIENT SAFETY (7 decks)

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