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Oral Surgery > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What does a team leader do in an emergency situation?

A

Directs team, stays and focuses on patient, performs CPR, focuses on what is right for patient

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2
Q

What does the assistant do in an emergency?

A

Gets emergency kit, AED, and oxygen, assists with CPR, prepares drugs for leader to use

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3
Q

What information should be shared when calling 911?

A
  1. preliminary dx
  2. basic info about pt
  3. what is being done for pt at the moment
  4. exact location
  5. telephone number
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4
Q

What are the ABCs of any emergency?

A
  1. Supine position
  2. 100% oxygen
  3. evaluate airway, breathing, and circulation
  4. take vitals
  5. knowledge of AED
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5
Q

What is the most common medical emergency in dentistry?

A

Vasodepressor syncope

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6
Q

What causes vasodepressor syncope?

A
  • decreased cerebral blood flow

- stress, anxiety, pain, sight of blood/needles, or fear

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7
Q

What are signs that can occur before syncope?

A

nausea, perspiration, loss of color, pupil dilation, hyperpnea, peripheral coldness

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8
Q

How do you treat syncope?

A

Put pt in trendelenburg position, assess consciousness, ABCs, ammonia

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9
Q

Should dental treatment be given if systolic BP is >160?

A

Only if emergency tx

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10
Q

What stage hypertension is represented by systolic of 140-159 and diastolic 90-99?

A

Stage I HTN

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11
Q

What systolic pressure is indicated in Stage II HTN?

A

> 160

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12
Q

A patient that passes out from orthostatic hypotension upon sitting up is considered what?

A

Syncope

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13
Q

Who is most susceptible to orthostatic hypotension?

A

elderly patients

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14
Q

What should you do if a patient experiences orthostatic hypotension in your office?

A
  1. trendelenburg position
  2. 100% oxygen
  3. vitals
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15
Q

Diabetics should be instructed to do what before coming to the office?

A

Eat and take their medication regularly

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16
Q

What can cause hypoglycemia?

A

too much insulin, alcohol, excessive exercise, missed meals, failure to medicate, another illness

17
Q

How should you treat hypoglycemia?

A

give patient oral glucose or glucose paste if unconscious - then take to hospital

18
Q

What should you do if your patient has a seizure?

A

place them on the ground and do not try holding them down, check respiration and roll onto side after convulsions stop

19
Q

What is the next step after something is dropped down the patient’s airway?

A

position chair with head below chest, possibly roll onto side, try retrieving item with long forceps or suction

20
Q

What are symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A

weakness, coughing/wheezing, SOB, itching/hives, swelling, stomach cramps, nausea, anxiety, perioral edema, blue skin, dizziness

21
Q

How do you treat anaphylactic shock?

A
  1. supine position
  2. call EMS
  3. ABCs
  4. Oxygen
  5. Epi-pen or 0.5mg epi IM/SC
  6. 50mg diphenhydramine IV/IM
22
Q

What would you do for your patient if hey had milder symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as rash or itching?

A
  1. 50-100mg diphenhydramine

2. monitor vitals

23
Q

50% of deaths in the dental office are linked to what?

A

local anesthetics

24
Q

What are symptoms of local anesthetic overdose?

A

excitement, shivering, muscular twitching, warm flushed skin, lightheadedness, diminished sight, disorientation

25
Q

What should you do for your patient with an epinephrine overdose?

A

Put them in comfortable position and administer oxygen. If cerebrovascular accident shows, call EMS

26
Q

Always remind patient with asthma to bring what?

A

their inhaler!

27
Q

What should we cautious giving to asthmatic patients?

A

ASA and the NSAIDs, and local anesthetic with bisulfite as a preservative

28
Q

Your patient has an asthma attack, what do you do?

A
  1. position patient
  2. give beta-agonist albuterol spray
  3. oxygen
  4. EMS if non-responsive
  5. epi SC/IM is possible
29
Q

How do you treat your patient if they have angina while in the chair?

A
  1. sublingual nitro
  2. oxygen
  3. call EMS and give more nitro if it doesn’t work after 3 min
30
Q

What are symptoms of an MI?

A

central chest pain, pain radiates to arm/shoulder/neck/jaw/mid-back/or stomach, nausea, weakness, SOB

31
Q

If your patient is conscious and experiencing an MI, what should you do?

A
  1. seat pt and loosen collar
  2. keep them calm
  3. call 911
  4. MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitro, aspirin)
32
Q

Patients should avoid elective dentistry for __________ following a myocardial infarction.

A

6 months

33
Q

What calls for antibiotic prophylaxis for your patient?

A
  1. artificial heart valves
  2. history of IE
  3. congenital heart conditions
  4. valvulopathy after cardiac transplant
34
Q

Should you give antibiotic prophylaxis for a patient with a prosthetic joint?

A

No, literature doesn’t support any benefits

Oral Surgery (8 decks)

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