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BDS3 BAMS > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of patient assessment?

A

A airway
B breathing
C circulation
D disability
E exposure

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2
Q

What is involved in airway assessment?

A

Cause of airway obstruction - loss of consciousness, infection/ inflammation/ swelling
Recognition- talking?
Treatment - triple manoeuvre, oropharyngeal airway

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3
Q

What is the triple manoeuvre?

A

Head tilt
Chin tilt
Jaw lift

Need to hold patient in this position to keep airway open

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4
Q

How is an oropharyngeal airway measured?

A

Measured from angle of jaw to central incsors

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5
Q

What is involved in breathing assessment?

A

Causes - demand, infection, inflammation, neurological condition causing muscle weakness, fractured ribs causing hyperventilation
Recognition - rate/ look/ listen
Treatment - posture, oxygen, bronchodilators

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6
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate?

A

12-15 breaths per min

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7
Q

At what oxygen saturation will lips and fingers / tongue become cyanotic?

A

84% - lips and fingers will turn blue
60% - tongue will turn blue

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8
Q

What positioning will optimise breathing?

A

Tripod position (opens up intercostals)

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9
Q

What is involved in circulation assessment?

A

Causes - arrhythmia, ACS, HF
Recognition - pulse check
Treatment - treat cause/ elevate legs

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10
Q

What is the significance of bradycardia?

A

Usually end stage, failing organs
Difficult to treat

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11
Q

What is the cause of 120 bpm?

A

AF

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12
Q

What is the cause of <40 bpm?

A

Type 2 heart block

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13
Q

What pulse can be felt in the wrist/ brachial pulse/ in neck?

A

Can feel pulse in wrist at 100 bpm,
Brachial pulse at 70 bpm
In neck at 50 bpm

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14
Q

What is minimum bpm for organ perfusion?

A

45 bpm

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15
Q

What is the reason behind elevating legs?

A

Improves blood pressure as 350ml will go straight to central cavity.

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16
Q

What is involved in assessing disability?

A

Causes - drugs, brain injury, hypoglycaemia
Recognition - ACVPU/ GCS
Treatment - optimise ABC

17
Q

What is ‘ACVPU’

A

Alert
Confusion
Verbal
Pressure
Unconscious

If scores in any of these (except A)- will score 3 on sepsis scale.

18
Q

What is the presentation of anaphylaxis?

A

A - swelling, stridor
B - increased rate, wheeze
C - increased rate, hypotension
D - LOC
E - rash, swelling

19
Q

What is the treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline 1:1000, 0.5mg (epi pen)
IM injection

20
Q

What is the mechanisms of adrenaline in treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline aborts physiological cascade changes - peripheral vasoconstriction, central dilator.
Decreased swelling and histamine, bronchodilator

21
Q

What is the presentation of angina/ MI?

A

A - talking
B - increased
C - increased
D - alert
E - pale, clammy, central crushing pain

22
Q

What is the treatment of angina and MI?

A

GTN spray (400mg per dose) - 2 puffs sublingual (venous dilator), can repeat after 5 mins.
Aspirin 300mg crushed/ chewed if MI (no water as needs to be fully absorbed)

23
Q

What is the difference between MI and stable angina with regards to the lumen of arteries?

A

MI- <1/3 occluded
Stable angina- up to 1/3 occluded, will recover after rest

24
Q

What is the presentation of asthma?

A

A - difficult to complete sentences
B - increased rate with wheeze
C - increased rate
D - alert
E - tripods

25
Q

What is the treatment of asthma?

A

Salbutamol 100mg per puff- 2 puffs, hold breath, repeat

26
Q

What is the presentation of hypoglycaemia?

A

A - initially talking
B - initially increased rate
C - initially increased rate
D - initially alert
E - irritable, confused, pale

27
Q

What is the treatment of hypoglycaemia?

A

Glucose
Glucagon 1mg IM injection (releases stored glucose from liver)
Give something to eat when conscious

28
Q

What is the realmente of seizures?

A

Ensure safe environment
If repeated or prolonged (>5mins) - mida Olaf 10mg via buccal mucosa (not predictable drug)

29
Q

What is the presentation of syncope?

A

A - compromised
B - reduced rate
C - reduced rate and pressure
D - unresponsive
E - pale, clammy

30
Q

What is the treatment of syncope?

A

Elevate legs
Should recover quickly- if not, there is an underlying cause

BDS3 BAMS (7 decks)

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