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BDS3 BAMS > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of skin?

A

Anatomical barrier
Heat regulation
Sensory input
Storage for lipids and water
Drug absorption and waste excretion

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2
Q

What is commensalism flora?

A

Normally colonisation that inhibits pathogens in healthy hosts (staph and candida)

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3
Q

What is the cause of oily skin?

A

More secretion from sebaceous glands
More bacteria colonisation - risk of pore blockage and spots

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4
Q

What are blackheads?

A

Comedones - build up of keratin and sebum which block pores and oxidise giving black appearance

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5
Q

What is Furuncles?

A

Bacterial infection of the skin
Staph aureus
Pockets filled with pus- red/ swollen/ painful
Foliculitis (in hair follicle)

Drain pus (antibiotics not always required)

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6
Q

What is Acne?

A

Bacterial infection of the skin affecting 80% teenagers
Caused by follicular sensitivity to testosterone (increase around puberty, build up of comedones)

Overgrowth can lead to infection and cyst formation (scarring if cyst rupture)

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7
Q

What are some complications of acne?

A

Made worse by contraceptive pills, greasy skin cleansers, systemic steroid treatment, anticonvulsants.

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8
Q

How is acne managed?

A

Reduce excess oil (gentle soap)
Antibacterial agents- benzoyl peroxide/ retinoids/ antibiotic lotions

If local treatments fail- systemic treatment:
Antibiotics- tetracycline
Retinoids (isotertinoin)
Hormone manipulation

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9
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Strep pyogenes infection
Defined, sharp, raised border which may blister and peel
Associated with systemic symptoms- fever/ rigor

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10
Q

How is erysipelas managed?

A

Systemic antibiotics (oral or IV) as this can progress to necrotising fasciitis or septic shock

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11
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Highly infectious skin disease caused by staph/ strep
Crusty red blister
Associated with eczema
Treated with topical antibiotics

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12
Q

What are examples of viral skin infections?

A

Herpes simplex
Shingles
Molluscum contagiosum
Warts

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13
Q

What are examples of herpes virus infections

A

Herpes simplex (peri oral or genital)
Shingles (herpes zoster)
Roseola (HHV6)
Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV8)

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14
Q

What is the aetiology of herpes simplex infections and how is it treated

A

Affects a single dermatome
Activated by trauma

Treated with aciclovir

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15
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum?

A

Viral infection caused by MCV (pox virus)
Clusters of small papules in warm/ moist areas
Usually in small children and resolves in 1-2 year

Troublesome in children with atopic eczema
Extensive in adults if HIV infection

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16
Q

What virus are warts caused by, how are they spread and what is the treatment?

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
- types 1-3 cause most warts
- types 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer

Contact spread

Treat by keratolysis, cryosurgery, excision (most resolve spontaneously if immune competent)

17
Q

What are examples of fungal infections?

A

Athletes for (tines pedis)
Nail infections (onycholysis)
Ringworm
Intertrigo
Pityriasis versicolor

18
Q

What is athletes foot and its treatment?

A

Mixed fungal and bacterial infection affecting feet (between toes) or groin.
Causes scaling and sogginess of the skin.

Treat with antifungal/ antibacterial cream eg miconazole

19
Q

What is onycholysis?

A

Nail bed fungal infection (tinea unguium) where the nail bed becomes malformed/ thick/ crumbly

20
Q

What is ringworm?

A

Fungal infection which can affect groin (tinea cruris), body (tinea corporis) and scalp (tinea capitis)

21
Q

What is intertrigo and its treatment?

A

Fungal infection sue to chafing in moist body folds (eg under breasts, armpits, inner thighs)

Treat with topical antifungal cream - miconazole or clotrimazole

22
Q

What is pityriasis versicolor and its treatment?

A

Caused by pityrosporum orbiculare resulting in patchy skin pigmentation (pale red/ brown)

Treat with topical (ketocanazole in wash/ shampoo) or systemic (itraconazole) antifungals.

23
Q

What is scabies?

A

Infection of scabies mite from skin to skin contact

24
Q

What is the presentation of scabies infection?

A

Burrows appear on skin (in folds between fingers and on wrists)
Itching most severe at night on trunk/ limbs
Rash appears on trunk and limbs (may get secondary impetigo)
Rash and itch are an allergy and can persist long after infestation is gone

25
Q

In scabies, how many mites infect the host?

A

10-12, lay 3 eggs a day

26
Q

What is the treatment of scabies?

A

Chemical insecticides - eg benzoyl benzoate
Apply to whole body from chin down (including under nails)
Treat all close contacts whether obviously infected or not

27
Q

What are the types of lice, how are they transmitted and what is the treatment?

A

Head
Pubic
Body

Transmitted by close contact with an infected individual/ shared items

Treat head lice by removing nits (eggs cemented to hair) with fine tooth comb
Treat body lice by personal and clothing hygiene - hot water washing and drying
Treat pubic lice with chemical insecticides - permethrin, malathion, phenothrin.

28
Q

What is eczema?

A

Inflammation of the skin- becomes itchy/ dry/ flaky
Can be atopic (most common) or contact
Usually affects flexor surfaces of skin/ trunk

Other types:
- seborrhoeic (scalp and eyelashes)
- discoid
- gravitational

29
Q

What is atopic eczema?

A

FH
Associated with other atopic conditions eg asthma/ hay fever

30
Q

What is contact eczema?

A

Adult onset - contact with allergen eg perfume/ detergent/ soap.

31
Q

Describe the management of eczema?

A

Cotton clothing
Emollients - oily and prevent drying of the irritated skin, apply after bathing to trap moisture
Corticosteroid- remove the inflammation and allow skin to return to normal

32
Q

What is occupational (contact) dermatitis and its treatment?

A

Reaction to environmental agent (usually results in intense rash which may blister).
Immediate/ up to 72 hours after exposure

Treat by removing source/ topical steroid

33
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Inflammatory skin condition with unknown cause
Dysregulated epidermal proliferation (new cells produced faster than old cells are lost, skin surface thickens) - red, scaly patches
Affects extensor surfaces of limbs and trunk
Can be associated with severe forms of arthritis

34
Q

What is the treatment of psoriasis?

A

Initially topical- emollients, steroids, vit A derivatives, PUVA (light therapy)
Then systemic treatment - reduce cell turnover with methotrexate/ cyclosporin

35
Q

Why do some blistering conditions affect the mouth and genitals?

A

Skin and oral/ genital mucosa may share many common antigens and epitopes

36
Q

What is pemphigoid?

A

Sub epithelial antibody attack causing thick walls blisters
Manage with immunosuppressants

37
Q

What is pemphigus

A

Immunological blistering condition affecting mucosa and skin (usually oral lesion before skin)
Intra-epithelial blister
Surface lost easily
Fatal without treatment

38
Q

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

A

Group of conditions (some mild with later presentation, some fatal with immediate presentation after birth)
- severity determined by epitopes involved

BDS3 BAMS (7 decks)

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