medical asepsis Flashcards
the state of being free from living pathogenic
organisms
asepsis
the methods of achieving a germ-free condition
a·sep·sis
a
absence
sepsis
infection
involves a reduction in numbers of infectious agents but does not necessarily reduce it to zero
Medical Asepsis
The microbes are not
eliminated, however,
instead, their
environment is altered
so that it is not
conducive to growth
and reproduction
Medical Asepsis
the procedure used to prevent contamination of
microbes before surgery
Surgical Asepsis
A set of infection control practices that healthcare
personnel use to reduce transmission of
microorganisms in healthcare settings.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Protect both healthcare personnel and patients from contact with infectious agents.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
standard precautions
1 hand hygiene
2. use PPE
ppe means
personal protective equipment
example of PPE
gloves,gowns, masks, eye protection, face shields
(hand washing with soap and water or
use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer) before and after
patient contact and after contact with the immediate
patient care environment
Hand hygiene
when
exposure to blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions
(except sweat), mucous membranes, or non-intact skin
is anticipated.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
PPE includes:
when hand contamination is anticipated
Gloves
when splashes may occur
Masks, face shields and eye protection
PPE includes
when soiling of clothes may occur
Gowns
Should be used by healthcare personnel caring for patients regardless of the patient’s diagnosis and
whether or not the patient is known to have a
communicable infection. In other words, Standard
Precautions should be used for all patients, all the
time.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Every year, an estimated ____ patients get a
hospital-related infection.
2 million
_____ die from their infection.
90,000
part of Standard Precautions. It can
reduce the transmission of healthcare-associated
infections – to your patients and to you.
Hand hygiene
When should you wash your hands?
Whenever hands are visibly dirty or contaminated.
Before:
◦ having contact with patients
◦ putting on gloves
◦ inserting any invasive device
◦ manipulating an invasive device
Surfaces in the patient care environment – including
________– are
often contaminated with bacteria.
bed rails, IV pumps, and even computer keyboards
the simplest and yet the MOST
important thing that you can do to reduce the spread
of disease and to keep you from getting sick.
Handwashing
use hand or foot controlled faucet
medical handwashing
use foot or knee controlled faucet
surgical handwashing
a serious problem in healthcare facilities.
Infections
Wash hands and wrists for 2
to 3 minutes.
MEDICAL H.
Wash hands, wrists and
forearms for 10 min with brush
(first surgical scrub of day).
SURGICAL H.
Hold hands in downward
position while rinsing
MEDICAL H.
Hold hands in upward position
while rinsing.
SURGICAL H.
Use brush and cuticle stick
MEDICAL H.
Use cuticle stick on nails
surgical H
Dry hands with paper or
clean cloth towel
MEDICAL H.
Dry hands with sterile towel
SURGICAL H
Turn off hand faucets with
paper or clean cloth towel
MEDICAL H.
Keep hands upright and do not
touch anything until sterile
gloves are applied.
SURGICAL H.
Lotion may be applied.
MEDICAL H.
Do not apply lotion.
SURGICAL H.
Includes any device or garment that protects the
individual from contact with blood and body fluid that
may contain bloodborne pathogens
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
full cover torso from neck to knees, arms to end of wrists, wrap around the back
fasten in back of neck and waist
gown
secure ties or elastic bands at middle of head and neck. fit flexible band to nose bridge. fit snug to face and below chin. fit check respirator.
mask or respirator
place over face and eyes and adjust to fit
goggles or face shield
extend to cover wrist of isolation gown
gloves
may be used up to 8 hours
surgical mask
may be reused for up to 1 week
N95 respirator
must not be placed around the neck to be worn again
mask
level 1
surgical mask
level 2
goggles/ face shield, surgical mask
prevent contamination of healthcare professional’s
hands and help reduce the spread of pathogens only if:
- They are used properly and hand hygiene is
performed before and after wear - It’s important to know that gloves do not provide
complete protection from hand contamination .That’s
why hand hygiene is so important before and after
glove use!
GLOVES
Infectious organism:
pathogen
Place where organisms can
thrive
Reservoir of infection
Any avenue available to exit the body
Portal of exit
Route taken by pathogens
from reservoir to susceptible host
Mode of transportation
Any avenue available to enter the body
Portal of entry
Person at risk for infection
Susceptible host
Of the total amount of waste generated by health-care
activities, about ___% is general waste
80
The remaining ___% is considered hazardous material
that may be infectious, toxic or radioactive.
20
Every year an estimated _____ injections are
administered worldwide, but not all of the needles and
syringes are properly disposed of afterwards
16,000 million
waste contaminated with blood
and its by-products, cultures and stocks of infectious
agents, waste from patients in isolation wards,
discarded diagnostic samples containing blood and
body fluids, infected animals from laboratories, and
contaminated materials (swabs, bandages) and
equipment (such as disposable medical devices);
Infectious Waste:
recognizable body parts and
contaminated animal carcasses;
Pathological Waste
syringes, needles, disposable scalpels and
blades, etc.;
Sharps
for example mercury, solvents and
disinfectants
Chemicals
expired, unused, and
contaminated drugs; vaccines and sera;
Pharmaceuticals
highly hazardous, mutagenic,
teratogenic or carcinogenic, such as cytotoxic drugs
used in cancer treatment and their metabolites;
Genotoxic Waste
such as
glassware contaminated with
radioactive diagnostic material
or radiotherapeutic materials
Radioactive Waste
such as broken mercury
thermometers.
Heavy Metals Waste
When cleaning an article such as radiographic table,
start with the
least soiled area and progress to the
most soiled area.
used in the
diagnostic imaging department
should always be treated as if they
are contaminated with virulent
microbes. Do not recapped
needles or touch them after use.
Place them immediately in a
puncture-proof container labeled
for this purpose.
Needles and syringes
Placed used needle/sharps uncapped
into a
puncture-resistant container
a term used to describe the removal by means of
mechanical and chemical processes of pathogenic
microorganisms, but frequently not their spores, but
from objects or body surfaces.
DISINFECTION
a chemical substance that is used for disinfecting
only an inanimate object e.g. ( phenol , chlorine )
DISINFECTANT
refers to any process that effectively kills or
eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi,
bacteria, viruses, and spore forms etc.) from a
surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological
culture medium
STERILIZATION
can be achieved through application of steam,
chemical vapor sterilization, dry heat sterilization
and ethylene oxide gas sterilization.
STERILIZATION
Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under
pressure is the sterilant used in the steam sterilizer
(autoclave). Steam sterilization of medical devices is
the least time consuming, and the preferred,
method of sterilization for heat and moisture stable
medical devices.
Steam Sterilization
Unsaturated chemical vapor (a mixture of alcohol,
water, ketones, and formaldehyde heated under
pressure) is a typical sterilant used in this method of
sterilization.
Chemical Vapor Sterilization
Hot air is the sterilant used in the dry heat
sterilizer (hot air oven). It is a slow process
because it depends upon higher temperatures to
incinerate microorganisms.
Dry Heat Sterilization
This method of sterilization is used for heat-stable,
moisture-sensitive, or steam impermeable medical
devices and products.
Dry Heat Sterilization
the sterilant used for gas
sterilization.
Ethylene oxide (EtO)
Ethylene oxide (EtO) is the sterilant used for gas
sterilization.
This method of sterilization is used for heat-sensitive
items.
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
STERILITY CHECK
- Check for the expiration or sterilization date
- Indicator color change
