Medical Asepsis

Question 1

Inherent

Answer 1

native to host

Question 2

Contagious

Answer 2

communicable or spreadable

Question 3

Primary

Answer 3

first infection that a person has

Question 4

Secondary

Answer 4

infection that a person gets because they already have a primary infection

Question 5

Exogenous

Answer 5

not normally found in the body

Question 6

Endogenous

Answer 6

organisms in the body

Question 7

Infection

Answer 7

pathogen invades tissues and begins multiplying in the host

Question 8

Colonization

Answer 8

presence and multiplication of microorganisms but not tissue damage

Question 9

Communicable

Answer 9

transmitted from one individual to another

Question 10

Symptomatic infection

Answer 10

pathogens cause signs and symptoms of disease

Question 11

Asymptomatic infection

Answer 11

pathogens cause no signs and symptoms of disease

Question 12

Virulence

Answer 12

ability to produce disease

Question 13

What are some infectious agents?

Answer 13

viruses, bacteria, fungi (yeast), protozoans (malaria), helminths (worms), and prions

Question 14

What are the natural defenses in the body?

Answer 14

Skin, mouth, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina

Question 15

How to prevent and control infection

Answer 15

hand hygiene, barrier techniques (gloves, masks, and gowns), antiseptics/disinfectants, immunizations/medications, conscientious patient care

Question 16

Chain of infection

Answer 16

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host, repeat

Question 17

Reservoir

Answer 17

Any natural setting where the growth and reproduction of an infectious agent can occur
ex: humans, animals, food, water, insects, inanimate objects

Question 18

Portal of Exit

Answer 18

Respiratory- sputum, cough, sneeze
G-U (urinary)- reproductive secretions, urine

Question 19

Means of transmission

Answer 19

direct contact: person-to-person
indirect contact: fomites
Respiratory: through the air
Vector: insects

Question 20

Portal of entry

Answer 20

GI & GU tracts
mucous membranes
skin integrity disruptions
respiratory tract
eyes

Question 21

Examples of susceptible host

Answer 21

Immunocompromised, elderly or very young, trauma/surgery, indwelling skin devices, skin/mucous membrane breaks, poor oxygenation, impaired circulation, chronic/acute disease, antibiotic resistance, poor aseptic measures, poor nutrition, stress, crowded environments, poor sanitation, travel exposure

Question 22

What is important about hand hygiene?

Answer 22

friction

Question 23

Why is hand hygiene so important?

Answer 23

the longer you don’t use hand hygiene the more microorganisms can grow

Question 24

When are the five times you should use hand hygiene?

Answer 24

before touching a pt, before a clean/aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching a patient’s surroundings

Question 25

Bleach disinfecting wipes

Answer 25

require a three-minute wet time
MUST be used for C. difficile and/or incontinent stool

Question 26

Hydrogen peroxide wipes

Answer 26

Requires a one-minute wet time
used for most routine equipment cleans