Medical and Disabling Conditions in PA Flashcards
cerebral palsy
1. overview
2. impairments
- physical impairment; group fo chronic conditions caused by dmg to the dev brain during fetal dev, before, during, or shortly after birth that are not progressive but may have secondary conditions that can be progressive
- affects body movements and muscle coordination in various different forms; different types such as spastic (stiff muscles), dyskinetic (limited control over movement), ataxic (limied balance and coordination), or mixed
- monoplegia
- hemiplegia
- diplegia
- paraplegia
- triplegia
- quadiplegia
- single limb
- both limbs on one side
- symmetrical body parts; arms or legs
- both legs
- three limbs
- all limbs to similar deg
spina bifida
1. overview
2. impairments
- physical impairment; neural tube does not close fully causign incomplete dev of brain, sp cd, or coverings with permanent nerve dmg
- may resulsts in various degrees of paralysis in lower limbs, also assoc with lower intellectual functioning
muscular dystrophy
1. overview
2. impairments
- physical impairment; group of muscular disease due to gene mutation causing progressive weakness in skeletal muscles affecting any age
- limited balance, frequent falls, difficulty walking, waddling gait, calf pain, limited ROM and muscle contraction, respiratory difficulty
multiple sclerois
1. overview
2. causes
3. impairments
- physical impairment; progressive chronic disease attackign CNS, affects women more than men, any age but most often diagnosed between 20 and 40
- exact cause unknown but can have genetic suspectibilty, infecction, virus, or environmental factors, dmg in nerve covering caused by inflammation, nerve signals slow down or stop; mild causes numbness in limbs and severe causes paralysis or loss of vision
- specific symptoms unpredictable, mental and phys fatigue, mood changes, and affects cog function
SCI
1. overview
2. causes
3. impairments
- physical impairment
- traumatic inj to sp cd
- symptoms depend on affect area of sp cd and nerve roots
ampuation
physical impairment; missing (part of) limb, can be congenital or acquired due trauma, tumors, infections, etc; many use prosthetics
community perspective on considerations for people experiencing physical impairment
- offer assistance and only help with consent
- converse at eye level
- respect wheelchair part of person and their personal space
- be considerate about weather conditions, extra travel time, and break periods as needed
- reduce environmental barriers for accessibilty
- provide safe challenges in PA for dev
legally blind
- visual acuity (precision or clearness) of 20/200 or less
- visual field (degree) of less than an angle of 20 degrees
low vision
visual aquity between 20/70 and 20/200
light perceptions v. light projections
- perception: perceive light but not the direction of the light source
- projection: perceive light and the direction of the light source
seeing impairment
sensory impairment; most peopel with visual impairments have some vision, only 5% legally blind people have no vision or light perceptioon; can have blindisms/restricted repetitive behaviours (body movement, unknown cause)
community perspective on considerations for people experiencing seeing impairment
- Involve all senses in communication and activity
- Consult with them for appropriate type and amount of lighting
- Placing information on audiorecording and braille, high contrast display, and enlarged lettering
- Demonstrate physical tasks
- use arm to guide them
- Clear pathways and activity areas
- Announce when approaching, leaving and approaching obstacle
- Do not touch, speak to, or feed service animal
teaching strat for people experiencing seeing impairment
- hand over hand teaching: ask for consent to guide student’s hand with yours
- model use: use benable model of the body as tactile guide through movement
hearing impairment
1. overview
2. hearing loss near birth
- sensory impairment; no legal def, most common medical condition in Canada (10%), profound hearing loss 90 dB makes up small percentage, HoH 25-90 dB
- hearing loss at or shortly after birth often results in delyaed hanguage dev and difficulty with conceptual thinking, can have difficulty balancing
conductive hearing impairments v. sensorineural hearing impairment v. deafness
- conductive affects outer/middle ear and is medically/surgically treatable
- sensorineural affects inner ear or hearing nerve and is permanent and req rehab
- deafness is complete loss of hearing in one or both ears
community perspective on considerations for people experiencing hearing impairment
- use sign if possible, if not provide interpreter, write messages
- Tap the person‘s arm or wave to gain attention
- Learn some basic signs (e.g., emergency)
- Face them so that they can read your lips
- Avoid verbal cues in PA and do not add rules during the game/activity
- In emergency situation, let them know what is happening
mental health related impairments and types
neuropsychological impairment
1. Mood related disorders such as depression and bipolar disorders
2. anxiety related; panic disorders, OCD, PTSD, and phobia
3. Socially disuptive behaviours
learning impairments and causes
neuropsychological impairment; not intellectual impairments
1. Most people diagnosed have average to above average intelligence
2. can be generic, neurological, and/or other unknown factors affecting certain academic and social skills
types of learning impairments
1. dyscalculia
2. dysgraphia
3. dyslexia
4. non-verbal
5. other
- difficulties in math
- difficulties in handwriting and related fine motor skills
- difficulties reading and written language based processing
- difficulties understanding facial experssions and body lanuguages
- difficulties processing writtena nd spoken info, learning to write, spelling
memory impairment
neuropsychological impairment; dementia caused by affected brain leading to progressive loss of intellectual function, difficulties in abstract thinking, and changes in personality
developmental impairment
1. overview
2. causes
neuropsychological impairment; intellectual, cognitive impairments, and dev delays
1. intellectual func below 70-75; limited in executive functioning and adaptive behaviours (social skills and independent living skills); limitations often co-exist with superiority in certain functioning therefore individualized approaches should be used
2. caused by brain malformation, maternal/toxic environmetn influences, and genetic disorders
developmental impairment considerations for diagnosis
- Limitations in id functioning within context of day-to-day environments
- cultural and linguistic diversity, differences in
communication, sensory, motor, behavioural abilities - Limitations in identifying fully appropriate support
systems/programs/services - mprovement in functioning through earlier, continuous,
and individualized supports and education
brain injury
neuropsychological impairment
1. caused by trauma to the brain; temporary, long-term, or permanent effects with slow recovery
2. causes changes in various areas such as thinking, reasoning, understanding, remembering, problem-solving, PA, walking, hearing, and learning
ASD
neuropsychological impairment
1. spectrum of neurological disorder that affect brain fuctioning, typically appears during a child‘s first three years
2. difficulties in communication and social
interactions, understanding social cues, may experience sensory difficulties
3. intellectual abilities varies (45% with an average IQ); some have superior abilities in certain areas
4. Some exhibit repetitive and/or self-hurting motions called self-stimulation behaviours
ADHD
1. overview
2. impairments for predominately inattentive type
3. impairments for predominately hyperactive type
neuropsychological impairment
1. typically display certain characteristics and behaviours related to attention over a period of time; lifelong impacts on education, occupations, and
social relationships
2. difficulty in organizing or finishing tasks, attending to details, and
following instructions, daily routines, and communication
3. fidgets and talks a lot, impulsive actions, difficulty in sitting still and waiting for turn; feels restless and have more tendancy to
get injured and have accidents
4. can have combined types and varying degrees
community perspectives on considerations for neuropsychological impairment
- plan ahead and allow them to plan ahead
- make programs simple, div into manageable parts, clear instructions and check understanding, careful progression, with repetition and demonstrate motions
- talk to person and guardians for effective teaching strategies and provide various ways of communication
- rep helpful for memory deficits
- behaviour is problem not persons, therefore approach should be individualized
self-efficiacy theory
motivation to do things depends on (un/successful) mastery experiences, vicarious experiences (seeing other people’s exp), verbal persuasion (comments and expectations), emotional and psychological states
self-determination theory
motivation to do things when they have automony (sense of self, control, intrinisic motivation), competence (preceived control), relatedness (relational to goals)
personal disabling condiitons: trauma
psychiatric diagnosis, bodily sensation, and reaction to social and cultural stigma due to intersectional oppression or microaggressions
internalized ableism
form of trauma interalizing societal ableist attitudes an biases, leading to neg self-perceptions, low self-esteem, and self-blame
trauma of oppression/learned helplessnes
lack of motivation from prolonged limitations on opportunities to make choices, lack of adequate support and marginalization exp
personal disabiliting conditions: meaningfulness and theory of planned behaviour
- meaningless challenges in norm-based performance setting
- attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms (beliefs on what others think), perceived behaviour control (perceived competence) affect intention to do things which affects behaviour
external disabling conditions: attitudinal and behavioural barriers
prejudice, stereotyping/stigma; negative behaviours, paternalism, and apathy
external disabling conditions: barriers of omission
- lack of educational opportunities in leisure and PA
- limited options for choice of resourcces and lack of affordable and high quality assistance
- exclusionary practices in programs
- lack of role models
external disabling conditions: communication barriers
lack of oopportunity, devaluing, and marginalization of voices and language related barriers
intergration v. inclusion v. social inclusion
- Integration is placiing people in opportunity
- giving individuals adequate support to do well in integrated environment
- social inclusion addresses social and personal barriers so that everyone can participate equally based on autonomy; promoting meaningful, empowered, safe experiences
3 manifestations of oppression
- microaggression: violence involving covert discrimation, harassment, or predjudice
- microassualts: deliberate act of discrimination or violence against a person or group based on their identity
- microinvalidations: covert expressions that dismiss or invalidate the experiences of marginalized groups
