Adaptation Strategy Flashcards
moving towards social inclusion with policy
- Canadian Charter of rights and Freedoms; everyone equal before the law, equal protection without discrimination based on identity
- Canadian Human Rights Act; guiding principle for integration
- PA sport act; promote PA for everyone and reduce barriers to participation
- accessibility for Ontarians with disabilities act; accessibility for services, facilities, accommodation, and employment
- convention on the rights of persons with disability
- Canada’s CRPD ratification; abide by world standards for disabled rights
- accessible Canada Act; accessibility in government
Canadian v. US legal sys
- US relies more on legislation; Canada focuses on policy and attitude change through discussion processes
- has more choices but lack of protection by law, has integration but lacks the support needed to participate fully in life (lacking social inclusion)
adaptation type: environmental adaptation
- distance, space, surface, lighting, sound, temp and humidity, build in equipment, wash/change room/entrance routes
adaptation type: equipment adaptation
- size/weight, colour, surface/texture, sounds, shape, movement
adaptation type: procedure/operational adaptation
- (un)structured, competiitive/cooperative; rule changes, amount of choice given, type and amt of feedback, method of presenting material, level of assistance, phys distance between leader and learner, use of demonstration/modelling, duration of instruction, time intervals between cues
adaptation type: human intervention
- complexity of rules or movement patterns, speed, force, height/distance, pathway/direction, accuracy/timing, time for task, number of trails, number of actions, different body parts/pos
adaptation type: task adaptation
least restrictive environments; only modify if cannot change human intervention, procedure/operational adaption, equipment adaptation, and environmental adaptation
7 considerations for modifying activities
- gather information from a variety of sources
- involving participants in the modification and selection process of activities
- decisions are based on goals
- opportunities for autonomy and meaningful challenges for all participants
- avoid making assumptions about participants
- focus on abilities, strength, and motivation
- competitive aspects of activities can be emphasized once skills are well-dev
moving towards social inclusion with historical backgrounds
- facility based; based on medical model, emphasis on physical rehab and segregation, children with mild disabilities were excluded from PA
- service based; segregated specialized adapted support programmes and services in education
- normalization; services provide opportunities for access to general public settings to follow the norm, critiques that segregated settings are not normal and definition of normal
- mainstreaming and integration; legal supports for placing people in equal opportunities to integrate people with impairments into mainstream society; critiques overlook individual differences
- least restrictive environments;
- supports based
- empowerment
supports based and empowerment and self-determination inclusion for practitioners
- support based: as practitioner you must do the work to educate, identify, and create a solution for inclusion
- empowerment and self-determination: as practitioner must listen and respect voices and decision-making of disabled people and work with them and other people to create a mutually meaningful and appropriate supportive relationship in day-to-day interactions
- require both perspectives to create social inclusion
how to avoid social exclusion
- move away from emphasis on differences
- move away from blaming service providers for not understanding the needs of the disability commit and for not properly serving individuals experiencing disability and acknowledge that everyone has a role in social inclusion
ability and strength-based approaches: individual
- assess personal strengths
- consider pleasure, engagement, meaning
- use person-centred and individualized approaches
- work based on the concept of self-determination
ability and strength-based approaches: community
- incorporate voices and opinions from close personal connections
- use information and support from partnered agencies and org
- engage in collaborative works with other professional
- identify resources
working with types of support sys resources
- human: ask people for their opinions and experiences
- information: from credible source
- financial resources: gov/org funding, fees/charges, fundraising, grants
- facility and equipment: accessible and usable facilities and devices
- transportation: public transport, car-pooling, individual support, outreach programs
how to collaborate with and support disabled people
- collaborate with other org and learning from each other
- be a role model/leader
- share positive messages and innovative approaches
- network between participants, families, policy makers, organizations
- encourage other people to practice inclusive practices and people with lived exp
environmental adaptations for physical disabilities
- accessible approach, entrances, and use of facilities (locker rooms, washroom, wide hallways) by building ramps, automatic buttons, transfer handles, railings, having signage at a good height
- provide enough space to transfer or roll into machines in gym
- lifts or ramps in pools
- keep universal design in mind, have disabled people test facility as consultants
equipment adaptation for physical disabilities and possible barriers
cost is an issue, but there are grants from special olympics or jumpstart, or use rentals
procedural/operational adaptions in accessible sport
- may need longer or different form of instruction, approach should be individualized
- league allows for competition and more variety of people to play against, allows growth for sport, big events increases exposure
- appropriate challenges for each person
- coaches and guides should be clear with simple verbal instructions let athletes know direction based on their point of view
- hand over hand (with consent) and tactile model teaching
language in sport
- using person first language
- accessible sport is an alternate way of playing sport, for everyone
- paralympics focus on competition for physical disabilities and req proof
- special olympics for intellectual disabilities but don’t need proof
- adapted sport takes parts of sports and modifies to fit athletes
streaming accessible sports
Difficult to find accessible sport streamed or televised, is available on some local private streaming services, paralympics is streamed on youtube
motivational factors for athletes to particpate in sport
community, provided support from peers/coaches, sufficient competition, positive attitudes, good level of adaptation
abled bodied peope and disabled sport
- must make an effort to be advocates for disability, get involved with legislation
- try adapted sport for exp, fill spaces, and fill gap between community
- unified sports can build relationships and provide opportunity to learn from each other; abled bodied athletes can play supporting role, disabled athletes take lead
special olympics virtual events
workshops on athlete leadership, mentoring opportunities, skills and knowledge beyond sports
environmental adaptations for people with visual impairments
- ensure paths are cleared, railings
- contrast edges on stairs, doorless washroom are easier to access, tactile/braille signs
- facilites need to be near public transport routes
3 considerations for guide dogs
- have enough space for guide dog to navigate
- don’t interact with guide dog
- ask athelete what to do with dog during gameplay
equipment adaptations for people with visual impairments
- auditory stimulus, rapid sport play may be difficult since bell balls don’t make sound in air, beepers may be better but are fragile
- tactile markings or mats to indicate playing areas
