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National Registry > Medical > Flashcards

Medical Flashcards

0
Q

Describe a Simple Partial seizure?

A

Involves movement or sensations to one part of body.

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1
Q

What is the difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion?

A

Heat exhaustion= cool, moist skin

Heat stroke= ALOC, hot skin, still may be moist or dry

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2
Q

Describe a Focal Motor seizure?

A

Simple partial w/ localized motor activity (spasm or jerking).

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4
Q

Describe a Complex Partial seizure?

A

Changes in LOC w/ automatisms (lip smack, chewing, swallowing).

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5
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant OD treatment…

A
  1. ABCs
  2. Detailed hx with time of ingestion
  3. Activated charcoal if within 2 hrs
  4. Cardiac monitoring
  5. Sodium Bicarb
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6
Q

What is the syndrome called often following dialysis caused by a change in osmolality between intracellular and extracellular fluids and presents with headache, restlessness, nausea, and fatigue? Severe conditions include confusion, seizures, and coma.

A

Disequilibrium Syndrome

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7
Q

What are some adverse effects during or following dialysis?

A 
Hypotension
Muscle cramps
N/V
Disequilibrium Syndrome
Hemorrhage from anticoagulant use
Air embolism
CP from myocardial ischemia
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8
Q

Treatment for pit-vipor (rattlesnake) bites…

A

ABCs
Keep supine
Immobilize limb in neutral position
O2, IV, transport

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9
Q

Treatment for coral-snake bites…

A

Wash wound with water
Apply compression bandage and keep at heart level
IV
Transport to ER with anti venom

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10
Q

What are some contraindicated treatments for snake bites?

A

Ice pack
Cutting around wound site
Electrical stimulation

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11
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Gallbladder Inflammation

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12
Q

What is Murphy’s sign and what is it associated with?

A

Inspiratory pause when the RUQ is palpated, gallstones

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13
Q

Identify the medical problem…
RUQ abdominal pain that may radiate to right back or shoulder
N/V
Fever
May be hypotensive or tachycardic
Similar symptoms that may have previously resolved

A

Cholecystitis

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14
Q

Which part of the brain helps regulate vegetative functions such as breathing, LOC, and nerve pathways?

A

Brainstem

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15
Q

Located in the brainstem, where is the respiratory center?

A

Medulla

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16
Q

Which part of the brainstem is responsible for hearing and visual reflexes, coordination of motor activity, and serves as a relay for impulses?

A

Midbrain

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17
Q

What part of the brainstem is responsible for level of consciousness?

A

Reticular Activating System

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18
Q

Which part of the brain plays a key role in emotion and sexuality, helps regulate body temperature, controls the pituitary gland, and integrates the nervous and endocrine systems?

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

What part of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

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20
Q

What is the largest part of the brain and is divided into right and left hemispheres and controls thought process and memory?

A

Cerebrum

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21
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

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22
Q

What part of the brain involves body coordination, balance, and equilibrium?

A

Cerebellum

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23
Q

What bacterial disease is characterized by severe, violent coughing?

A

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

24
Q

What virus is…

  • a common cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis
  • often occurs during winter months
  • often misdiagnosed as a cold
  • should be presumed in children under one have wheezing in the winter
A

RSV

25
Q

Which cells does HIV specifically target?

A

T-lymphocytes

26
Q

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through oral-fecal route?

A

A

27
Q

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through direct contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva?

A

B

28
Q

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through needle sticks, IV sharing, or transfusions?

A

C

29
Q

Which type of hepatitis can you get only if you have hepatitis B?

A

D

30
Q

Which type of hepatitis is similar is transmission to Hep A but is more commonly associated with drinking water?

A

E

31
Q

Which bacterial disease is…

  • the most common preventable disease in the world
  • is spread through airborne droplets
  • S/S include chills, fever, fatigue, productive or nonproductive cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis
A

Tuberculosis

32
Q

Which infection…

  • should be suspected in newborns with fever
  • presents with rapidly developing symptoms over a few hours or 1-2 days including fever, chills, headache, nuchal rigidity with flexion, arthralgia, lethargy, malaise, ALOC, vomiting, and possibly seizures
  • In older children look for Brudzinski’s sign (flexion of neck causes flexion of hips and knees) and Kernig’s sign (inability to fully extend the knees with hips flexed)
A

Meningitis

33
Q

Which viral disease…

  • is highly contagious and characterized by a reddish rash that appears on the 4th or 5th day of the illness
  • more common in children older than 4-5 months
  • S/S include severe cold w/ fever, conjunctivitis, eyelid swelling, photophobia, malaise, cough, nasal congestion
  • fever can increase to 104-106 when rash is at maximum
  • a day or two before rash, Koplik’s spots appear (bluish-white specs with red halo approx 1mm in diameter) on oral mucosa
  • rash usually lasts 6 days and spreads from head to feet by 3rd day
A

Measles (Rubeola)

34
Q

Which acute viral disease…

  • is characterized by painful enlargement of the salivary glands
  • transmitted through respiratory droplets
  • most often affects 5-15 year olds
  • my present with earache and difficulty chewing/swallowing
  • most often resolves in a week without intervention
  • in post-pubescent patients, inflammation of the testes, breasts, or ovaries may occur
A

Mumps

35
Q

Which systemic viral disease…

  • is characterized by sore throat and low-grade fever
  • is accompanied by a fine pink rash on the face, trunk, and extremities that lasts about 3 days
  • is devastating to a developing fetus
A

Rubella (German Measles)

36
Q

Which disorder is characterized by N/V, gastrointestinal cramping/discomfort, anorexia, and diarrhea

A

Gastroenteritis

37
Q

What acute disorder is a nonspecific term often applied to gastroenteritis and presents with diarrhea, N/V, and abdominal pain after eating?

A

Food Poisoning

38
Q

Which bacterial infection of the CNS…

  • is characterized by rigidity of the muscles in close proximity to an injury site, pain/stiffness in jaw, muscle spasms in entire body possibly leading to respiratory arrest
  • in children, abdominal rigidity is the first sign
A

Tetanus

39
Q

Which STD…

  • is one of the most commonly diagnosed communicable diseases in the US
  • in men, presents with painful urination and purulent urethral discharge
  • most women have no pain and minimal discharge
  • some women have urinary frequency, vaginal discharge, fever, abdominal pain and PID
A

Gonorrhea

40
Q

Which skin disease is characterized by intense itching?

A

Scabies

41
Q

Which psychologic disorder is characterized by rapid onset and involves visual hallucinations and confusion?

A

Delirium

42
Q

Which psychologic disorder is characterized by slow onset over months and presents with diminished ability to learn new information or to recall previously learned info?

A

Dementia

43
Q

Which psychologic disorder involves a significant change in behavior often including hallucinations, delusions, and depression?

A

Schizophrenia

44
Q

What is the difference between anorexia and bulimia?

A

Anorexia is characterized by voluntary refusal to eat and bulimia involves binge eating with compensatory self-induced vomiting or diarrhea

45
Q

What is characteristic about insulin shock?

A

Rapid onset

46
Q

What are people experiencing hypothyroidism (also called myxedema) especially susceptible for?

A

Hypothermia

47
Q

What’s the pneumonic for the effects of Ache inhibitors (sarin, woman, tabun)?

A

DUMBELS

48
Q

What is the difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic coma (HHNK)?

A

HHNK does not present with fruity breath, Kussmal’s respirations, or acidosis

49
Q

What is a disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormones leading to increased metabolism?

A

Grave’s Disease

50
Q

What disorder is characterized by hypertension, vulnerability to infection, weight gain, and a moon face appearance (puffy eyes)?

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

51
Q

What disorder is form of shock is characterized by profound hypotension and electrolyte imbalances?

A

Addison’s Disease

52
Q

What is characteristic of Crohn’s Disease?

A

Absence of bowel sounds due to obstruction.

53
Q

Where is pain associated with cholecystitis and what is characteristic?

A

RUQ; Murphy’s Sign (pain caused when inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing under right costal margin)

54
Q

Where is pain associated with appendicitis?

A

RLQ

55
Q

Where is pain associated with pancreatitis and what is a characteristic?

A

LUQ; may radiate to back

56
Q

What constitutes a positive tilt test or positive orthostatics?

A

Change in BP of 10 or more, or 20 on the HR

National Registry (7 decks)

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