Airway & Breathing Flashcards
Normal partial pressure of O2 in the arterial blood (PaO2)?
80 - 100mmHg
Tidal volume of healthy adult male?
5 - 7 mL/kg
Normal partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2)?
35-45mmHg
Manual ventilation rate to deliver to apneic adult?
10-12/min or 1 every 5-6sec
What are the deep, rapid respirations call associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Kussmaul
What are respirations that gradually increase in volume, then descend, followed by a brief apneic period that are not ominous unless in the presence of traumatic brain injury called?
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
What are respirations called that are irregular in pattern, depth, and rate called that indicate severe brain injury?
Biot’s Respirations (ataxic respirations)
Another name for Rales and description?
Crackles, fluid in smaller lower airway.
Another name for Rhonchi and brief description?
Rattling, fluid in larger lower airway.
Another name for wheezing and what is it an indicator of?
Whistling, bronchospasm or asthma.
What are vesicular respirations?
Normal respirations
How do you figure Minute Alveolar Volume?
(Tidal Volume - Dead Space*) x Respiration Rate
*30% of TV
What respiratory compromise…
- is a form of pulmonary edema caused by fluid accumulation within the lungs
- is associated with lung insults including injury, burn, drugs, high altitude, emboli, near drowning;
- has a high mortality rate
- usually has a slow decline in respiratory status
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
What respiratory compromise…
- results from destruction of the alveolar walls distal to the terminal bronchioles
- may lead to right heart failure (cor pulmonale)
- causes lungs to lose their capacity to recoil
- is displayed in pts with pursed lips, barrel chests, and pink puffers
- rarely presents with a cough except for the morning
Emphysema (part of COPD)
What respiratory compromise…
- results from an increase in the number of goblets cells in the respiratory tract and is characterized by large amounts of sputum
- greatly affects the alveoli and gas exchange
- presents in pts that are “blue bloaters”
- presents similar to right heart failure
Chronic Bronchitis (part of COPD)
What respiratory compromise…
- is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway causing flow restriction
- may be triggered by extrinsic or intrinsic factors
- shows a shark fin appearance on capnography
- is characterized by wheezes or cough
- in the first phase needs a duoneb and second phase needs Solu-Medrol
Asthma
What airway emergency presents with…
- labored breathing, tachypnea, tachycardia, signs of right heart failure
- often caused by deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary Embolism
What respiratory compromise…
- is common in the aged or those infected by HIV and is one of the leading causes of death in those pts
- can be viral or bacterial (or fungal)
- is characterized by a deep productive cough producing yellow to brown sputum sometimes with blood
- can present with pleuritic chest pain (sharp or tearing)
- presents with fever
Pneumonia
Name the illness/injury from these signs/symptoms…
- poor ventilation despite an open airway, cyanosis
- restlessness, agitation, anxiety
- increased airway resistance on ventilation
- respiratory distress (dyspnea/tachypnea)
- JVD
- decreased or absent lung sounds on one side
- tachycardia
- tracheal deviation to unaffected side
- narrowing pulse pressure
- subcutaneous emphysema
Tension Pneumothorax
Name the illness/injury from these signs/symptoms…
- dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia
- obvious chest or rib trauma
- possible hypotension or shock
- rib crepitus, flail segment, subcutaneous emphysema, hematoma
- decreased or absent lung sounds on affected side
Hemothorax or Hemopneumothorax
Normal respiratory rate for an infant (birth-1)?
30 - 60
Normal respiratory rate for a toddler (1-3)?
24 - 40
Normal respiratory rate for a preschooler (4-5)?
22 - 34
Normal respiratory rate for a school-age (6-12)?
18 - 30
Normal respiratory rate for an adult (18+)?
12 - 20
Name the acid-base disturbance…
- pH<7.35
- high PaCO2
Respiratory Acidosis
Name the acid-base disturbance…
- pH<7.35
- low PaCO2
Metabolic Acidosis
Name the acid-base disturbance…
- pH>7.35
- low PaCO2
Respiratory Alkalosis
Name the acid-base disturbance…
- pH>7.35
- high PaCO2
Metabolic Alkalosis
Which acid-base disturbance will be caused by hyperventilation?
Respiratory Alkalosis
Which acid-base disturbance will be caused by hypoventilation?
Respiratory Acidosis
Name the injury/illness from these signs/symptoms…
- chills, fever, fatigue, night sweats
- productive or nonproductive cough, hemoptysis
- weight loss
- possibly prescribed Rifampin
- caused by bacteria
Tuberculosis
