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Pathology Basic abcdefg > Mediators > Flashcards

Mediators Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma derived mediators

A

Kinins
Complements
Coagulation system
Plasminolysis system

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2
Q

Locally produced mediators

A 
Histamine
Serotonin / 5HT
Platelet activating factor (PAF)
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Nitric oxide
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3
Q

it is generated from the membrane phospholipids of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, endothelium, and platelets (and other cells)by the action of phospholipase A2.

A

Platelet activating factor (PAF)

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4
Q

: are polypeptide products of many cell types (but principally activated lymphocytes and macrophages) that modulate the function of other cell types

A

Cytokines

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5
Q

platelet stimulation, vasoconstriction and vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction, enhances leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, leukocyte degranulation, and the oxidative burst

A

PAF

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6
Q

augmented by a number of stimuli including: bacterial endotoxin, immune complex formation, C3a, bradykinin & IL-1

A

cyclooxygenase pathway

**major sources in the acute inflammatory response include monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells and platelets

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7
Q

Products of this pathway include prostaglandin (PGE2), PGD2, PGF2a, PGI2 (prostacyclin), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

A

cyclooxygenase pathway

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8
Q

may be released from endothelial cells upon stimulation by acetylcholine and bradykinin where it acts as a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation

A

NO

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9
Q

synthesized and stored in mast cells, platelets and basophils

A

Histamine

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11
Q

promote pain, fever, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

A

cyclooxygenase pathway

Products of this pathway include prostaglandin (PGE2), PGD2, PGF2a, PGI2 (prostacyclin), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

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12
Q

synthesized and released from neutrophils, basophils and mast cells

A

lipoxygenase pathway

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13
Q

diffuses rapidly through the blood stream

-promotes vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability

A

Histamine

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14
Q

LTA4 can be taken up by…….and converted to LTB4 and LTC4

A

Platelets,RBCs and endothelial cells

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15
Q

group of serine proteases

A

Kinins

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16
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

PAF,LT

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17
Q

neutrophil activation and chemotaxis and adhesion

A

LTB4

18
Q

recognized by specific receptors (H1, H2 and H3)

A

Histamine

19
Q

The functions of the complement system are mediated by

A

by breakdown products of C3 and other complement proteins, & by the membrane attack complex (MAC).

20
Q

may also be released from macrophages upon stimulation with IFN-g and TNF-a

A

NO

21
Q

stored in platelets, mast cells and enterochromaffin cells of the GI tract
-has vasoactive properties

A

Serotonin

22
Q

Protein cell products that act as a message to other cells, telling them how to behave & modulate their function
Products of many cell types (principally activated lymphocytes & macrophages)
Produced during immune and inflammatory responses

A

Cytokines

IL-1, TNF-a and -B, IFN-y are especially important in inflammation.

23
Q

Induce the systemic acute-phase responses, these include fever, lethargy, hepatic synthesis of various proteins, metabolic wasting (cachexia), neutrophil release into the circulation, and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (inducing corticosteroid synthesis and release)

A

Cytokines

23
Q

Thrombin

A

Enhancing leukocyte adhesion, vascular permeability and chemotactic

25
Q

activates the complement pathway

A

Plasmin

26
Q

As an opsonin, increases phagocytosis

A

C3b,C3bi

27
Q

Induces smooth muscle constriction and causes increased vascular permeability, vasodilation & pain

A

Bradykinin (kinins)

28
Q

Leukocyte chemotaxin, increases integrin avidity

A

C5a

29
Q

Initiated by a number of by-products of tissue damage including: collagen, cartilage, basement membranes, endotoxin and plasmin

A

Kinins

30
Q

Fever

A

Pg,cytokines

31
Q

Activation of complement by different pathways leads to cleavage of

A

C3

32
Q

cleaves prekallikrein to kallikrein which in turn cleaves the proenzyme kininogen to bradykinin

A

activated factor XII

32
Q

generates plasmin from plasminogen

A

activated factor XII

34
Q

activation of ………..ultimately results in the cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin and smaller fibrinopeptides which serve as inflammatory mediators

……also activates the fibrinolytic system via plasmin formation

A

XII

35
Q

Vasodilation, vascular permeability, mast cell degranulation

A

C3a C5a

36
Q

Vasodilation

A

PAF, histamine,PGi2 , NO,kinins,c3a,c5a.

37
Q

Permeability

A

: histamine, C3a, C5a, kinins, PAF, and leukotrienes C, D, and E. ,pg

38
Q

Adhesion

A

IL8, LTB4, C5a, TNFa,PAF,thrombin

39
Q

Chemotaxis

A

PAF,LTB4,thrombin,C5a,chemokines

39
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

PAF,Kinin,leukotrienes

Pathology Basic abcdefg (10 decks)

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