mediastinum

Question 1

superior mediastinum boundaries

Answer 1

• manubrium
• transverse thoracic plane
• anterior surface of the bodies of vertebrae T1-T4
• thoracic inlet
• parietal plura

Question 2

superior mediastinum contents

Answer 2

• lower end of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
• remnants of the thymus gland
• brachiocephalic veins and the superior vena cava
• arch of the aorta
• vagus, cardiac, phrenic, and recurrent laryngeal nerve
• trachea, oesophagus, and thoracic duct

Question 3

superior mediastinum boundaries - manubrium

Answer 3

Question 4

superior mediastinum boundaries - transverse thoracic plane

Answer 4

Question 5

superior mediastinum boundaries - anterior surface of the bodies of vertebrae T1-T4

Answer 5

Question 6

superior mediastinum boundaries - thoracic inlet

Answer 6

Question 7

superior mediastinum boundaries - parietal pleura

Answer 7

Question 8

superior mediastinum contents - lower ends of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscle

Answer 8

Question 9

superior mediastinum contents - remnants of the thymus gland

Answer 9

Question 10

superior mediastinum contents - brachiocephalic veins and the superior vena cava

Answer 10

Question 11

superior mediastinum contents - arch of the aorta

Answer 11

Question 12

superior mediastinum contents - vagus, cardiac, phrenic, and recurrent laryngeal nerves

Answer 12

Question 13

superior mediastinum contents - trachea, oesophagus, and thoracic duct

Answer 13

Question 14

anterior mediastinum boundaries list

Answer 14

• body of the sternum
• pericardium
• transverse thoracic plane
• diaphragm

Question 15

anterior mediastinum content list

Answer 15

• inferior extension of the thymus gland

Question 16

in which age group is the inferior extension of the thymus gland usually visible in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 16

childen

Question 17

anterior mediastinum boundaries - body of the sternum

Answer 17

Question 18

anterior mediastinum boundaries - pericardium

Answer 18

Question 19

anterior mediastinum boundaries - transverse thoracic plane

Answer 19

Question 20

anterior mediastinum boundaries - diaphragm

Answer 20

Question 21

middle mediastinum boundaries list

Answer 21

• transverse thoracic plane
• pericardium (anteriorly and posteriorly)
• mediastinal pleural on each side

Question 22

middle mediastinum content list

Answer 22

• heart and pericardium
• ascending aorta
• lower half of svc (receiving part of azygos vein)
• tracheal bifurcation and both main bronchi
• superior and inferior pulmonary veins
• phrenic nerves

Question 23

middle mediastinum boundaries - transverse thoracic plane

Answer 23

Question 24

middle mediastinum boundaries - pericardium

Answer 24

Question 25

middle mediastinum boundaries - mediastinal pleura

Answer 25

Question 26

middle mediastinum content - heart and pericardium

Answer 26

Question 27

middle mediastinum content - ascending aorta

Answer 27

Question 28

middle mediastinum content - lower half of svc

Answer 28

Question 29

middle mediastinum content - tracheal bifurcation and both main bronchi

Answer 29

Question 30

middle mediastinum content - pulmonary trunk dividing into pulmonary arteries

Answer 30

Question 31

middle mediastinum content - superior and inferior pulmonary veins

Answer 31

Question 32

middle mediastinum content - phrenic nerves

Answer 32

Question 33

posterior mediastinum boundaries list

Answer 33

- transverse thoracic plane - bodies of vertebrae T5-T12 - diaphragm - pericardium - parietal pleura

Question 34

posterior mediastinum content list

Answer 34

- oesophagus (most anterior) - thoracic duct - right and left vagus nerve - descending thoracic aorta - azygos and hemiazygos veins - right and left sympathetic trunks and their branches (splachnic nerves) - lymph nodes

Question 35

posterior mediastinum boundaries - transverse thoracic plane

Answer 35

Question 36

posterior mediastinum boundaries - bodies of vertebrae T5-T12

Answer 36

Question 37

posterior mediastinum boundaries - diaphragm

Answer 37

Question 38

posterior mediastinum boundaries - pericardium

Answer 38

Question 39

posterior mediastinum boundaries - parietal pleura

Answer 39

Question 40

posterior mediastinum content - oesophagus

Answer 40

Question 41

posterior mediastinum content - thoracic duct

Answer 41

Question 42

posterior mediastinum content - right and left vagus nerves

Answer 42

Question 43

posterior mediastinum content - descending thoracic aorta

Answer 43

Question 44

posterior mediastinum content - azygos and hemiazygos veins

Answer 44

Question 45

posterior mediastinum content - right and left sympathetic trunks and their branches (splanchic nerves)

Answer 45

Question 46

posterior mediastinum content - lymph nodes

Answer 46

Question 47

fibrous pericardium

Answer 47

Question 48

serous pericardium layers

Answer 48

- parietal layer - visceral layer

Question 49

parietal layer

Answer 49

Question 50

visceral layer

Answer 50

Question 51

parietal layer function

Answer 51

lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Question 52

visceral layer function

Answer 52

- also known as epicardium - adheres to the heart and forms its outer covering

Question 53

oblique pericardial sinus location

Answer 53

posterior to the left atrium

Question 54

oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 54

Question 55

transverse pericardial sinus location

Answer 55

posterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk but anterior to the SVC

Question 56

transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 56