Mediastinum

Question 1

Mediastinum divisions

Answer 1

Superior
Inferior
Anterior 
Middle
Posterior

Question 2

Boundaries of superior mediastinum

Answer 2

Anterior: Manubrium of the sternum
Posteriorly:T1-T4
Superiorly: plane of thoracic inlet at T1
Inferiorly: imaginary line joining sternal angle and lower border of T1
Side:mediastinal pleura

Question 3

Contents of superior mediastinum

Answer 3

B-brachiocephalic vein
A- arch of aorta and it’s two branches
T-thoracic duct
S-superior vena cava
T-trachea
E-esophagus 
N-nerves phrenic and vagus
T-thymus

Question 4

Boundaries of posterior mediastinum

Answer 4

Anterior: pericardium and diaphragm
Posterior:lower 8 thoracic vetebrae
Superior: horizontal plane
Inferior:diaphragm 
Sides: pleura

Question 5

Contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 5

VA- right and left vagus nerve
L- lymph nodes
S-right and left sympathetic trunks
D-descending aorta
A-azygos and hemiazygos vein
T-thoracic duct
E-esophagus

Question 6

Middle mediastinum

Contents

Answer 6

P-pericardium and heart
L-lymph nodes
A-arteries: arch of aorta, pulmonary arteries
N-nerves :phrenic
V-veins: lower border of superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary vein

Question 7

Contents of the mediastinum

Answer 7

Arteries: Arch of aorta: left and right subclavius ,left and right common carotid arteries
Pulmonary artery: left and right pulmonary arteries

Veins: brachiocephalic vein
Superior and inferior vena cava
Azygos vein
Hemi azygos
Accessory hemi azygos vein

Nerves: vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic nerve
splancnic nerve

Lymphatics: thoracic ducts
Lymph nodes

Visceral organs
Esophagus
Thymus
Heart and pericardium

Question 8

Applied anatomy

Answer 8

1) dyspania: shortness of breath
2) dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
3) congestion of the neck
4) dizziness
5) voicelessness