Media - Ownership/Social Class representation

Question 1

Manipulative Instrumentalist Approach

Answer 1

Traditional Marxist approach. Media owners directly control the media. They manipulate the content to control their profits and spread the dominant ideology.

Question 2

MIA sociologists

Answer 2

Curran and Seaton

Question 3

What did curran and seaton find?

Answer 3

found evidence that media owners did in fact interfere and manipulate media content.
For example, Rupert Murdoch admitted he was ‘hands on economically and editorially.’

Question 4

What did Rupert Murdoch admit to?

Answer 4

being hand on economically and editorially.

Question 5

Criticisms to the MIA

Answer 5

Pluralists argue that the owners and managers are more interested in the profits. Therefore they will put out what the audience wants and not what the owners want.

Question 6

Dominant Ideology/Hegemonic Approach

Answer 6

The media legitimises the dominant ideology of the ruling class. Owners don’t have day-to-day control, but the journalists and editors do.

Question 7

Journalists and editors decide what is…

Answer 7

news worthy

Question 8

GMG points out that…

Answer 8

they are predominantly white, male and middle class. So due to their socialisation they already hold the norms and values of the ruling class and therefore pass on the dominant ideology easily.

Question 9

Evidence for DIHA

Answer 9

Philo found that during the 2008 economic crisis that the media focused mainly on the solutions that political parties and the bankers themselves put forward.

Question 10

Evaluation of DIHA

Answer 10

This theory assumes that the audience is passive and not actively choosing what they consume. Pluralists say that digital media has undermined traditional influence of media owners

Question 11

How are the working class represented in the media?

Answer 11

Underrepresented.

Question 12

Ownership has an effect on working class representation

Answer 12

Manipulative instrumentalist approach. owners deliberately manipulate the content in order to stop unfavorable views from spreading.

Question 13

Example of unfavourable views

Answer 13

Poverty being the governments fault and not the individuals fault.

Question 14

Jones

Answer 14

The working class is portrayed as stupid. Jones argues that the demonisation of the working class is used to legitimate the social class inequalities. Blaming the working class for their poverty.

Question 15

Analysis of under representation of the working class

Answer 15

The working class are portrayed as 'chavs'. The media presents it as a lifestyle choice. This perpetuates the 'myth of poverty'. 
Link - The working class is underrepresented on purpose by the media owners.

Question 16

The middle class is over represented in the media

Answer 16

This can be narrowed down to the socialisation of journalist sand editors and how it influences their content.

Question 17

The GMG points out

Dom. Ideology, Hegemony approach

Answer 17

GMG - most journalists and producers are middle class, white, males. They are likely to pass on the dominant ideology of the ruling class, as they are apart of it themselves. While under representing the working class.

Question 18

The middle class are

Answer 18

Presented in a positive light, making them the norm of society.

Question 19

Leech

Answer 19

Cereal packet family.

Question 20

Evidence/examples of dom, ideo, heg approach

Answer 20

Philo - 2008 economic crisis

Question 21

Link of middle class over representativeness

Answer 21

The middle class is over representated as the owners in direct control influences who is chosen to work for them.