media industries Flashcards
what was newspapers not prepared for?
used to be hugely profitable but the industry was not prepared for the arrival of the internet in the 1900s
what was given away for free?
premium news
what did publishers not control?
what was the result of this?
didn’t take control of:
advertising
opening up a gap for google
facebook to fill
the modern business of news is in relentless decline
relentless
continuing in a severe or extreme way
why is google and facebook hoovered up?
the bulk of advertising income is now hoovered up by google and facebook
due to the bulk of advertising, what did newspapers do?
have had to make significant cuts to their costs including staff
what had media groups did over the past decades?
have tried various strategies to boost their revenue, from subscription (The Times) and membership (The Guardian) models, to relying on advertising and diversification (The Sun)
why are newspapers self-regulated?
editors are expected to follow the editors’ code of practice
what happens if readers find any content in breach of the code?
may complain to the independent press standard organisation (IPSO)
what does a newspaper production consist of?
a series of stages, each overseen by the newspaper’s editor
pre-press: what is the news gathering?
the editor sets the agenda for the paper, ideas are generated by journalists, stories are written, photographs are taken, and the editor signs off on stories
pre-press: what is advertising?
the sales team sells space in the newspaper and on the website to brands looking to promote themselves
pre-press: what is design?
the newspaper is laid out by a page designer, arranging stories and advertising according to guidelines set by the editor and advertising teams
press: what is publishing?
after editorial sign-off, the paper is
published on paper or online
press: what is the distribution?
the finished print paper is sent to newsagents and supermarkets. The digital paper is distributed on The Sun app, meanwhile digital stories are pushed-out to Apple News and social media platforms.
owner: why does the owner of a newspaper have a significant impact on the newspaper’s editorial stance and production process?
set the budget and investment strategy for the newspaper, which affects the resources available to hire staff and produce content
owner: what does the owner have a final say on?
as the final say on major decisions such as editorial direction and management changes
editor: what is the editor responsible for?
the overall editorial content and direction of the newspaper
editor: what does the editor do to ensure that the newspaper meets its target audience?
manage the team of writers, photographers, and designers, oversee the selection and editing of articles
editor: why does the editor play a crucial role?
maintain the newspaper’s standards of accuracy, impartiality and ethical conduct
impartiality
the quality of not being biased or prejudiced; fairness
writers: what are they key players in?
the newspapers content production
writers: what do they generate and report on?
news stories, conduct interviews, and write opinion pieces
writers: what has a direct impact on the newspaper’s credibility and readership?
the quality of their reporting and writing
photographers: what do they capture?
visual elements that enhance or support the newspaper’s stories and articles
photographers: why do they work closely with writers and editors?
ensure that their images align with the newspaper’s editorial voice and objectives
designers: what are they responsible for?
visually and graphically communicating the newspaper’s editorial content
designers: what do they do to ensure that the newspaper is visually engaging and accessible to the target audience?
create page layouts, choose typography, and curate images and visual elements
how do the newspaper fund production or market their paper with sustainability-focused brands?
promote the eco-friendly aspects of the paper. This could appeal to environmentally-conscious consumers, who may be willing to pay more for a sustainable newspaper
how do the newspaper fund production or market their paper with hosting a cost/giveaway?
host a contest or giveaway in partnership with a popular brand or celebrity.
sun readers could enter to win prizes like concert tickets, a meet-and-greet with a celebrity, or an all-expenses-paid vacatio
how do the newspaper fund production or market their paper offer a bundled promotion with a popular magazine or digital service?
appeal to Sun readers.
For example, a discounted subscription to a streaming service like Netflix or a women’s lifestyle magazine
how do the newspaper fund production or market their paper with partnering with retailers, restaurants or home good companies?
could offer exclusive discounts or promotions to Sun readers who purchase the paper on certain days or weeks
how do the newspaper fund production or market their paper using social media influencers or popular YouTubers?
promote the paper and its unique features. By reaching a wider audience through social media, the paper could gain more subscribers and generate more revenue through ad sales
how do print newspapers earn revenue?
from their advertisements
in this sense, journalism is being seen more and more as a commodity, whose purpose is both profit and power
what is £1 in every £7 spent on?
groceries is spent by a Sun reader, making it a very attractive advertising vehicle
what is obvious in the sun’s purpose?
adverts
what does the sun feature?
advertorials – content written by journalists, which although looking like editorial copy is actually an advert that has been paid for by the brand
what does an advertorial carry?
carries more weight with an audience as it seemingly has the validation of the publication and journalist
why are newspapers under increasing pressure to capture audiences?
circulation figures of print news continues to drop and advertisers are choosing to leave if figures drop too low
as newspapers are under pressure, what are essential?
online advertising revenues for The Sun, as well as diversifying into different areas (e.g. Sun Vegas, Sun Bets, etc.),
where can readers consume all the content from?
the print newspaper on the website https://www. thesun.co.uk for free
where can readers subscribe to?
a digital edition of the print newspaper for £4.99 a week
what is consumed through the sun app?
digital edition of the print newspaper
available on iOS and Android devices
why are the mirror and mainline classes,,ing to have the biggest readership a problem?
Statistics around online reach and readership can be slippery
what was the study in 2021 from PAMCo?
the sun online reached 6m people per day
rivals argue that it is not quantity, but quality of engagement that matters and how long each reader spends on the site is more important
what does the MailOnline points have compare to the sun in terms of engagement?
mailonline - 5.4b minutes of engagement by readers per month across print and digital versus only 3.1b minutes for the sun
what does the sun supplies to boost its engagement beyond its target audience?
supplies free content to Apple News. The click-throughs from the UK’s most popular news app supply 23% of The Sun’s page views
why does the sun appear on social media platforms (Facebook, twitter, TikTok, snapchat and instagram)
as each account offers different content to different audiences
