Media Flashcards
Rosenkoetter (1999)
Suggested that with parental mediation, children as young as 7 are able to understand even complex moral messages contained in adult sitcoms
Sprafkin et al (1975)
Showed that found children who watched an episode of Lassie where a child rescued a dog were more likely to help puppies in distress than children who watched a neutral programme
Lovelace and Huston (1983)
Suggested that prosocial effects can be achieved by setting prosocial goals against antisocial ones in the same programme. However, the mixing of prosocial and antisocial messages reduces the effectiveness of the prosocial message
Mares (1996)
Found that the weakest effect was for adolescents and the strongest effect was for primary school children
Josephson (1987)
Hockey players were deliberately frustrated and then shown a violent or non-violent film with an actor who ha d a walkie-talkie. In subsequent hockey games, the boys behaved most aggressively if they had seen the violent film and the referee was holding a walkie-talkie
Cumberbatch (2001)
Argues that people might get ‘used’ to screen violence but this does not mean a person will also get used to violence in the real world
Gonzales et al (2011)
Argue that FB walls can have a positive influence on our self esteem because feedback posted on them by others tends to be overwhelmingly positive
Karpinski (2009)
Found that the majority of students who use FB everyday underachieved by as much as an entire grade compared with those who did not use the site
Muise et al (2009)
308 undergrads completed an online survey that assessed personality factors and FB use. It revealed that increased FB use significantly increases Fb-related jealousy
Sagiolou and Tobia (2014)
1 group of PP’s spent 20 mins on FB whilst a 2nd group spent 20mins on the internet bit not on social media sites. Afterwards they were asked how meaningful their time had been spent. People felt worse after using FB because they felt they weren’t using their time meaningfully
Charles (2011)
Used a focus group and interview techniques to investigate the FB habits of 200 undergraduates in Scotland. Found that 12% were experiencing anxiety linked to their use of social networking sites
Anderson and Dill (2000)
PP’s rated themselves higher on the state hostility scale after playing a violent video game compared to those who played a non-violent game
Anderson et al (2007)
Surveyed 430 children aged between 7 and 9 at 2 points during the school year. Children who had high exposure to violent video games became more verbally and physically aggressive and less prosocial
Greitemeyer and Osswald (2010)
Demonstrated that pp’s who played prosocial video games subsequently displayed significantly more prosocial behaviour then those who played aggressive or neutral games. After playing the respective video games more 8 mins, pp’s saw the researcher ‘accidentally’ knocked a cup of pencils to the floor. 67% of those who played the prosocial game picked up the pencils compared to 28% who played the aggressive video games
Lenhart et al (2008)
Carried out a large scale US survey to investigate the influence of multiplayer game play in social commitment. They found that 64% of those who played multiplayer games were committed to civic participation compared to 59% of solo players
Schiappa et al (2007)
Their meta-analysis found that loneliness was not a predictor of the formation of parasocial relationships. Some research suggest that people who are more socially active and socially motivated are more likely to engage in parasitical relationships
Perse and Rubin
They did a study with soap opera characters and found that due to the fact the people were exposed to the same characters over and over again one benefit of parasitical interaction was a perceived reduction in uncertainty about social relationships
Maltby et al (2003)
Used the Esynck personality qnnaire to assess the relationship between level of celebrity worship and personality. They found that the entertainment-social level was associated with extraversion whereas the intense-personal was associated with neuroticism
Shiraishi et al (2006)
They discovered that the enzyme MAOA correlated with novelty-seeking tendencies and the genetic differences mean that people produce different variations of the enzyme. The researchers found that one form of this enzyme was significantly associated with higher scores of novelty seeking
De Backer (2007)
Surveyed over 800 participants to test evolutionary explanations for celebrity gossip. PP’s reported that gossip was seen as a useful way of acquiring information about social group members . Media exposure was also found to be a strong predictor of interest in celebrities. They concluded that celebrities were actually a part of the social network
Maltby et al (2004)
Found that in a sample of 372 people aged 18-47 15% were entertainment-social level of celebrity worship, 5% at the intense-personal level and less than 2% would be considered borderline pathological
Cheung and Yue (2003) - Negatives
Did a telephone survey of 833 Chinese teenagers and found that idol worship was associated with lower levels of work/study or self-esteem
Cheung and Yue (2003) - Positive
Found that teenagers who ‘worshipped’ key family members, teachers or other individuals with who they had regular contact, tended to demonstrate higher levels of self-esteem and educational achievements than those who television stars. This is understandable given that the admiration of those who are able to provide tangible benefits and inputs to the adolescents lives would be more likely to provide a greater impact than those celebrities with whom they enjoy only a parasitical relationship
Phillips (1974)
Found that high profile celebrity suicides are often followed by increased numbers of suicides among the general population
