MEDIA

Question 1

THE MEDIA HAVE A NUMBER OF CHARACTERISTICS THAT SET IT APART FROM OTHER TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Answer 1

DUTTON ET AL

Question 2

CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP

Answer 2

HOW THE MEDIA ARE INCREASINGLY OWNED BY A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF LARGE CORPORATION AND POWERFUL INDIVIDUALS

Question 2

CONGLOMERATE IN
OLD MEDIA
NEW MEDIA

Answer 2

FININVEST
AMAZON

Question 2

THERE IS AN APPEARANCE OF CHOICE IN THE MEDIA, ALTHOUGH SATELITTE AND CABLE OFFER SEVERAL DIFFERENT CHANNELS THE CONTENT IS LARGELY THE SAME, CHEAPLY MADE AND REPETITIVE

Answer 2

McCHESNEY

Question 3

CONGLOMERATION

Answer 3

THE SAME COMPANY DEVELOPING INTERESTS ACROSS DIFFERENT MEDIA THROUGH A PROCESS OF DIVERSIFICATION

Question 3

TECHNOCRATIC MANAGERIAL ELITE

Answer 3

GALBRAITH

Question 4

NEW ECONOMIC SHIFT

Answer 4

DAVIS AND McADAM

Question 5

BRITISH DAILY MAIL

Answer 5

HAS FALLING NUMBER OF READERS OF THE PRINT EDITION IN THE UK
BUT IS THE MOST VISITED NEWSPAPER SITE IN THE WORLD (50MILL VISITORS EA MONTH)

Question 6

TELEVISION A HUGELY POPULAR LEISURE ACTIVITY

Answer 6

AROUND 85% OF ADULTS WATCHING IN THEIR FREE TIME

Question 7

THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR DIRECT MEDIA EFFECT IS WEAK PARTLY BCS MOST RESEARCH TAKES PLACE UNDER ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS

Answer 7

GAUNTLETT

Question 7

WEINBERGER

Answer 7

FOR EVERY FACT ON THE INTERNET THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE FACT

Question 8

SUCH DIRECT MODELS OF MEDIA EFFECT HAVE A BASIC FLAW THEY SEE AUDIENCES AS UNCRITICAL INDIVIDUALS EASILY INFLUENCED BY WHATEVER THEY READ, SEE OR HEAR

Answer 8

GAUNTLETT

Question 9

BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT

Answer 9

BANDURA ET AL

Question 10

PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO MEDIA VIOLENCE PRODUCES VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR IN YOUNG MALES

Answer 10

BELSON

Question 11

THERE IS A GENERAL LACK OF INTEREST IN TELEVISION AMONG YOUNG OFFENDERS

Answer 11

HAGELL AND NEWBURN

Question 11

YOUNG CHILDREN MAY BE MEDIA LITERATE THEY HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING ABOUT THE MEDIA AND HOW IT WORKS

Answer 11

GAUNTLETT

Question 12

KARTZ AND LAZARFIELD

Answer 12

TWO-STEP FLOW MODEL

Question 13

REINFORCEMENT THEORY

Answer 13

A MODEL WHICH FOCUSES ON THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MEDIA USE. HOW THE MEDIA AFFECTS PEOPLE DEPENDS ON THE SOCIAL GROUPS TO WHICH THEY BELONG

Question 14

PEOPLES BELIEFS ARE RELATED TO THE SOCIAL GROUPS THEIR IN

Answer 14

KLAPPER

Question 15

McQUAIL ET AL FOR PRIMARY U&G

Answer 15

• DIVERSION/ENTERTAINMENT
• SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
• IDENTITY
• SURVEILLANCE

Question 15

THE MEDIA INDUCES A GENERAL MINDSET AROUND PARTICULAR AREAS OF SOCIAL LIFE TAKING ON A HEGEMONIC ROLE WHERE SOME BELIEFS ARE ENCOURAGED AND OTHERS DISCOURAGED

Answer 15

CHANDLER

Question 16

THE CONTINUAL REPETITION OF PATTERNS SERVE TO DEFINE THE WORLD AND LEGITIMIZE SOCIAL ORDER

Answer 16

GERBNER ET AL

Question 17

_ SUGGESTS 3 WAYS A MEDIA MESSAGE IS READ BY AN AUDIENCE
- HEGEMONIC CODES
- NEGOTIATED CODES
- OPPOSITIONAL CODES

Answer 17

HALL

Question 18

AUDIENCE RECEPTION THEORY

Answer 18

MEDIA MESSAGES ALWAYS HAVE A RANG OF POSSIBLE MEANINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS

Question 19

MEDIA HAVE GROWN MORE POWERFUL AND PERVASIVE IN GLOBAL SOCIETIES

Answer 19

GERBNER

Question 20

AUDIENCES ARE INCREASINGLY PERVERSE SPECTATORS THEY USE MEDIA IN THEIR OWN WAY AND FOR THEIR OWN MEANS THROUGH ACTIVATED MEANINGS CREATED BY HOW THEY INTERACT WITH MEDIA

Answer 20

STAIGER

Question 21

ANY IMPACT IS CHANGED EACH TIME IT IS IDENTIFIED

Answer 21

STAIGER

Question 22

CREATES MEDIA HOMOGENISATIONBY DEVELOPING A CONSUMERIST CULTURE

Answer 22

LECHNER

Question 23

POPULAR TEEN MAGAZINES LINK APPEARANCE AND CONSUMERISM

Answer 23

KRAEPLIN

Question 23

ADORNO AND HORKHEIMER

Answer 23

THE MEDIA BECOME A SOURCE OF MASS CULTURE THROUGH THE AGENCY OF CULTURE INDUSTRY

Question 24

CRIMINAL CASE OF ERIC HARRIS AND DYLAN KLEBOLD

Answer 24

VIOLENT VIDEO GAME DOOM

Question 25

BOYS WHO HAD SEEN A LOT OF TELEVISION HAD COMMITTED 49% MORE ACTS OF VIOLENCE THAN THOSE WITH LOW EXPOSURE

Answer 25

BELSON
(criticised for failing to distinguish adequately btw high exposure to television in general and high exposure to violent television programmes)

Question 25

MEDIA COVERAGE LED TO DEMANDS FOR GREATER GUN CONTROL IN THE USA

Answer 25

PARKLAND, FLORIDA SCHOOL SHOOTING ON 14TH FEB 2018

Question 26

BELSONS STUDY

Answer 26

1,565 TEEN BOYS IN LDN ARE A GOOD EXAMPLE OF METHODOLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES IN STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA AND DIFFICULTY IN MAKING DIRECT LINK BTW TV VIOLENCE AND BEHAVIOUR

Question 26

MORAL PANICS REINFORCE ESTABLISHED MORAL VALUES IN 2 WAYS
- SETTING MORAL BOUNDARIES
- CREATING A SENSE OF SOCIAL AND MORAL SOLIDARITY IN TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY AND CHANGE

Answer 26

COHEN

Question 27

MORAL PANIC

Answer 27

STANLEY COHEN

Question 27

DEVIANCE AMPLIFICATION

Answer 27

WILKINS

Question 28

COHENS CASE STUDY

Answer 28

THE MORAL PANIC WAS FOCUSED ON TWO TEEN GROUPS WHO BECAME FOLK DEVILS STANDING FOR EVERYTHING SUPPOSEDLY WRONG IN THE UK IN THE 60s

Question 29

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORAL PANICS OCCUR AT TIMES OF POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CRISES IN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES

Answer 29

HALL ET AL

Question 31

ARAB SPRING 2011

Answer 31

EVENTS SURROUNDING IT WERE EXTENSIVELY REPORTED THROUGH TWITTER