EDUCATION VIEWS AND CURRICULUM Flashcards
THE 1944 EDUCATION ACT
- ESTABLISHED FREE UNIVERSAL EDUCATION EXPLICITLY ADDRESSED THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC STUDENTS AND VOCATIONAL STUDENTS
- SECONDARY EDUCATION WAS ORGANISED INTO A TRIPARTITE SYSTEM (grammar schools, secondary modern schools, secondary technical schools)
THOSE WHO ARE MOST ABLE AND TALENTED INTELLECTUALLY ARE ALLOCATED WORK ROLES THAT OFFER THE HIGHEST REWARDS IN TERMS OF INCOME, POWER AND STATUS
DAVIS AND MOORE
_ QUESTIONED THE IDEA THAT WE CAN OBJECTIVELY MEASURE FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE.
TUMIN
_ ARGUE THAT THE STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION OF THE WORKPLACE IS COPIED IN THE ORGANISATION OF THE SCHOOLS.
BOWLES AND GINTIS
THE CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE IS MAINTAINED AT ALL LEVELS OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM THROUGH STREAMING, SETTING AND BANDING
BOWLES AND GINTIS
MERITOCRACY IS A JUSTIFYING MYTH
BOURDIEU
EDUCATION SYSTEM HAS THE APPEARANCE OF FAIRNESS, EQUALITY AND MERIT
BOURDIEU
SCHOOLS ARE AN IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUS
ALTHUSSER
_ ARGUED THAT A SIGNIFICANT FEATURE OF CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE UK IS THAT MOST MIDDLE-CLASS STUDENTS FOLLOW THE ACADEMIC ROUTE INTO PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT WHILE WORKING CLASS STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED ALONG THE VOCATIONAL ROUTE TO LOWER PAID JOBS
BATES AND RISEBOROUGH
_ GENERALLY CRITICAL ABOUT VOCATIONAL AND WORK-BASED TRAINING SCHEMES
MARXISTS
NEW VOCATIONALISM IS ABOUT SOCIAL CONTROL
BATES AND RISEBOROUGH
_ REPORTS THAT SUCH SCHEMES HAVE BEEN ACCUSED OF MODERN SLAVE LABOUR THAT INVOLVES LITTLE OR NO TRAINING
DAVIES
_ CALLS THE MARXIST APPROACH LEFT FUNCTIONALISM
YOUNG
STUDY OF WORKING CLASS STUDENTS IN THE UK SHOWED THAT THEY WERE NOT PASSIVE THEY STRONGLY RESISTED ATTEMPTS BY TEACHERS TO MAKE THEM CONFORM TO SCHOOL RULES AND VALUES
WILLIS
_ ARGUED THAT MARXIST APPROACHES TEND TO REJECT ALL FORMS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION BCS THEY ENCOURAGE CLASS BASED CULTURAL REPRODUCTION
HEATH
_ NOTES THAT BY DEMANDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES SOME FORMS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION HAVE HELPED WOMEN IN AREAS OF SCHOOLING AND EVENTUALLY WORK THAT WERE TRADITIONALLY MALE AREAS
HEATH
_ ARGUE THAT THE ACADEMIC AND VOCATIONAL DISTINCTION IN MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEMS IS TOO INFLEXIBLE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF A GLOBALISED ECONOMY
THE NEW RIGHTS
_ THEORY LOOKS AT THE RELATIONSHIP BTW EDUCATION AND THE ECONOMY IN TERMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TH WORKPLACE AND SOCIAL CHANGES
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC
SEEING EDUCATION AND TRAINING AS THE MEANS THROUGH WHICH INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES ARE TRANSFORMED FROM LOW SKILL, WAGE ECONOLIES TO HIGH SKILL, WAGE ECONOMIES AND TECH ADVANCED ECONOMIES
CHITTY
_ BELIEVE THAT COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS FULFILL THE IDEAL OF A MERITOCRACY
SOCIAL DEMOCRATS
_ THEORY HAS ARGUED FOR THE NEED TO RETRAIN AND FOCUS THE WORKFORCE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETIES TO ADDRESS BOTH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGES
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC
_ SEE COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLING AS A WAY OF REDUCING CLASS INEQUALITY BY CREATING MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORKING-CLASS CHILDREN
SOCIAL DEMOCRATS
_ HAVE CRITICISED COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATION ON THE BASIS THAT IT FAILS TO UNDERSTAND INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IJN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES
MARXISTS
ECONOMIC INEQUALITY DRIVES EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY
BOWLES AND GINTIS
FOR _ ITS INEVITABLE THAT MASS EDUCATION SYSTEMS DEVELOP IN MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES BECAUSE THEIR PRIMARY FUNCTION IS DIFFERENTIATION ALLOWING INDIVIDUALS TO DEMONSTRATE THEIR DIFFERENCES IN OBJECTIVE WAYS
FUNCTIONALISTS
_ SUGGESTS THAT FOR TRAD FUNCTIONALISMS SOCIAL MOBILITY DEVELOPS OUT OF THE WAY PEOPLE ARE ENCOURAGED TO PERFORM DIFFERENT ROLES
HARRIS
THE INEQUALITIES THAT FLOW THROUGH SOCIAL MOBILITY REPRESENT AN UNCONSCIOUSLY EVOLVED DEVICE BY WHICH SOCIETIES ENSURE THE MOST IMPORTANT POSITIONS ARE CONSCIENTIOUSLY FILLED BY THE MOST QUALIFIED PEOPLE
DAVIS AND MOORE
IN SCOTLAND, MANY STUDIES HAVE SHOWN EDUCATION AND ACQUISITION OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS ARE IMPORTANT MEANS THROUGH WHICH MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES PASS ON THEIR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE TO THEIR CHILDREN
PATTERSON AND IANELLI
MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEMS ARE CHARACTERISED BY SPONSORED MOBILITY
BOWLES AND GINTIS
MERITOCRACY ONLY OCCURS AT THE LOWEST LEVEL OF SOCIETY. HIGHER SOCIAL LEVELS ARE MARKED BY SOCIAL CLOSURE
BREEN
ROLE OF EDUCATION IS TO EDUCATE MOST PEOPLE JUST ENOUGH TO BE USEFUL EMPLOYEES AND A SMALL NUMBER MORE THAN ENOUGH TO TAKE UP HIGH-POWERED ELITE WORKING ROLES
MARXISTS
SOCIAL CLOSURE DOES NOT ONLY LIMIT UPWARD INTRA- GENERATIONAL SOCIAL MOBILITY FROM MANUAL OCCUPATIONS TO HIGHER STATUS PROFFESIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS IT ACTUALLY CAUSES IT TO DECLINE
ALDRIDGE
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE DEMANDS OF THE ECONOMY
MARXISTS
A KEY FEATURE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES IS A LACK OF OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY FOR THOSE LOWER DOWN THE CLASS STRUCTURE
ALDRIDGE
EDUCATION SYSTEM PLAYS A GATE-KEEPING ROLE IN SOCIETY
BOWLES AND GINTIS
EDUCATION IS NOT A TEST OF ABILUTY IT IS A TEST OF CONFORMITY
MARXISTS
RELATIONSHIP BTW EDUCATION AND CULTURAL REPRODUCTION IS BASED ON LEGITIMATE LEADERSHIP WITH THE CONSENT OF THE LED
NEO-MARXISTS
SOCIAL MOBILITY IS RELATED TO EDUCATION IN THE SENSE THAT IT REFLECTS THE LIFE CHOICES MADE BY DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS
SAUNDERS
_ APPROACH TENDS TO BE IN SUPPORT OF SCHOOLS BEING PRIVATELY OWNED RATHER THAN STATE-CONTROLLED (MARKETISATION)
NEW RIGHTS
MIDDLE-CLASS PARENTS INVEST HEAVILY IN THEIR CHILDRENS EDUCATION AND THIS INVESTMENT CHOICE COMBINED WITH THEIR CHILDREN HARD WORK IS REWARDED WITH HIGHER EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
SAUNDERS
PARENTOCRACY
POWER OF PARENTS TO STRONGLY INFLUENCE THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF THEIR CHILDREN
_ CARRIED OUT AN ANALYSIS OF CHRISTIAN FAITH SCHOOLS WHICH ARE ALLOWED TO SELECT STUDENTS BASED ON PARENTAL FAITH WITH THE RESULTS SHOWING THAT THEY TAKE A LOWER PROPORTION OF WORKING-CLASS CHILDREN THAN THEIR CATCHMENT AREA SUGGESTS THEY SHOULD
SHEPHERD AND ROGERS
TO SEE MIDDLE CLASS CHILDREN OUTPERFORMING WORKING CLASS CHILDREN IN OBJECTIVE TESTS AND TO DEDUCE FROM THIS THAT THE SYSTEM ITSELF WAS UNFAIR AND NEEDED CHANGING MISSES THE POINT
SAUNDERS
ALL SOCIETIES DEVELOP BELIEFS ABOUT WHAT IS WORTHY OF BEING KNOWN
WEBER
MORE WOMEN THAN MEN STUDIED SUBJECTS LINKED TO MEDICINE, LIKE NURSING
AND MORE MEN THAN WOMEN STUDIED BUSINESS, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SELF AND ZEALEY
FORMAL SCHOOL CURRICULUM REFLECTS THE INTERESTS OF A RULING CLASS IN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES IN THE WAY THAT KNOWLEDGE IS SELECTED AND STRATIFIED
YOUNG
MALE AND FEMALE CAREER ASPIRATIONS OFTEN REFLECT TRADITIONAL GENDER STEREOTYPES SUCH AS CHILDCARE, NURSING, HAIRDRESSING FOR GIRLS AND COMPUTING, ACCOUNTANCY FOR BOYS
WARRINGTON AND YOUNGER
WHAT COUNTS AS EDUCATIONAL KNOWLEDGE ALWAYS HAS AN IDEOLOGICAL DIMENSION
YOUNG
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES COMMISSION
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS GIRLS CONSISTENTLY OUTPERFORM BOYS AT ALL LEVELS OF THE UK EDUCATION SYSTEM AND THIS DOES NOT NECESSARILY HELP WOMEN INTO WELL-PAID JOBS
MACKENZIES STUDY
45% OF GIRLS WERE ALLOCATED TO CARING PLACEMENTS BUT THESE DID NOT REFLECT THEIR CHOICES
KAMPMEIER
ARGUES THAT WHILE THERE ARE GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR STEREOTYPING AND SEGREGATION IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING BCS OF A RELATIVELY NARROW RANGE OF OCCUPATIONAL TYPES COVERED ACADEMIC EDUCATION DOES NOT NECESSARILY GUARANTEE A LACK OF STEREOTYPING AND SEGREGATION
_ DEMONSTRATED HOW PRE-SCHOOL TEXTS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP READING SKILLS REMAIN POPULATED BY SEXIST ASSUMPTIONS AND STEREOTYPES
BEST
TEACHER EXPECTATIONS ESPECIALLY IN EARLY YEARS OF SCHOOLING EMPHASISE FEMALE ROLES RELATED TO THE MOTHER/CARER
NORMAN ET AL
HIDDEN CURRICULUM IS A CONCEPT DEFINED AS THINGS CHILDREN LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF ATTENDING SCHOOL
JACKSON
INFORMAL EDUCATION INVOLVES A SET OF IMPLICIT MESSAGES RELATING TO KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES, NORMS OF BEHAVIOUR THAT LEARNERS EXPERIENCE IN AND THROUGH EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES
SKELTON
IN LATE POSTMODERNISM SOCIETIES THE MECHANISMS OF CULTURAL REPRODUCTION ARE MORE VARIED AND SUBTLE
BOURDIEU
CASE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT BY ETHNIC AND INDO-FIJIANS
OTSUKA
_ IS CRITICAL OF THE IDEA THAT SCHOOLS OPERATE ALONG MERITOCRATIC LINES BECAUSE DIFFERENCES IN CULTURAL CAPITAL INFLUENCE BOTH THE RELATIVE STARTING POINTS OF STUDENTS AS THEY ENTER THE EDUCATION SYSTEM AND PASS THROUGH THAT SYSTEM
BOURDIEU
_ NOTED HOW MIDDLE CLASS PARENTS WERE ABLE TO INVEST MORE TIME, MONEY AND EFFORT INTO THEIR CHILD EDUCATION THAN THEIR WORKING-CLASS PEERS
CROZIER ET AL
MIDDLE-CLASS PARENTS IN MAURITIUS EXPLOITED THE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE HIGHER LEVELS OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM WORKED TO ENSURE THEIR OFFSPRING WERE BETTER PREPARED BOTH FINANCIALLY AND CULTURALLY
MARIAYE
CONCEPT OF HABITUS
BOURDIEU
