Media Flashcards
Traditional vs new media
Bauman 2009
” during the last thirty years more information has been produced in the world than during the previous 5,000 years, while a single copy of the Sunday edition of New York Times contains more information than a cultivated person in the 18th century would consume in a lifetime
what did ofcom say/do?
- they were The UK government approved regulatory and competition authority for broadcasting
- They have wide ranges of powers across Tv, and radio and help stop private radios from happening e.g. Kurupt
What does IPSO and IBA stand for
- IPSO = independent Press Standards Organisation. They were the main industry regulator of the press in the uk scene since 1990
- IBA = Independent Broadcasting Authority. They were the regulatory body in the Uk for commercial television
Lords of the Global Village
what did Bagdikian say
- Lords of the Global village was where they dominated the worlds mass media and controlled every step of information process
- Bagdikian said that there was a concentration of media ownership and that there was a handful of companies.
- He identified a number of features of media ownership and that there was a handful of companies.
- He identified a number of features of media ownership: GE, News corp, Disney, Viacom, Time warner and CBS
- Essentially these companies ruled world media and controlled mot of it.
What were the features that Bagdikian identified of these companies
- Concentration of ownership (few companies)
- Vertical Integration (own all aspects of production)
- Horizontal integration (range of media)
- Global Ownership
- diversification (diversity of products)
- Global conglomeration
- Synergy - where a media product is sold in several different -fin is then made into computer game
- Technological convergence - several media technologies in one device.
Marxists - what is the Glasgow Media Group
what does Althusser say
- GMG believe media play important role in spreading dominant ideology
- The media control access to knowledge and encourage them to accept unequal society
- Some stories deliberately excluded
- Althusser believes dominant ideology is spread through ideological state apparatuses.
- E.g mass media and education system induce people into false consciousness
Manipulative/instrumentalist approach
what does Morley say (1999) say?
What does Miliband say?
What does Philo say
- Morley (1999) ‘preferred reading’ when the audience responds to the ideas in the way the media producer wants them to
- Miliband is a traditional Marxist, audience directly manipulated by owners who directly control media content, also says media editors, managers and journalists have little choice
- Audience is passive and easily manipulated
- Philo talks about the banking crisis of 2008 - only views of bankers and main parties considered
Pluralist approach, what is it?
what does Bivens say
what does McLuhan say
- power in society spread among a wide variety of competing interest groups.
People who own not driven by ideology but to gain audience numbers
Bivens - three significant changes in journalism of old media
- Shifts in traditional news flow cycles
- Heightened accountability
- Evolving news values (pluralism)
McLuhan - Global village, how digitized new media is and the collapse of space and time barriers, thus shrinking the world and making it like a village/community
3 Criticisms to Pluralism
- Media owners sack editors who don’t push their agenda and hire those with similar outlook
- managers and editors have very little freedom within companies
- Only rich and powerful have resources to launch media e.g. rich and right wing - still dominant agenda.
Pluralism Percy
P- Audience are free to pick and chose
E- Media owners aren’t driven by the ideology but audience numbers
R- Bivens, 3 significant changes to journalism in old media
C- Pluralism has led to tabloidization or ‘dumbing down’
P- power in society spread among variety of competing interest groups
E- Variety of channels, new media
R- Neophiliacs (someone that constantly uses new tech and quickly adapts to it)
C- Most media outlets are owned by a narrow sub-section of society i.e rich and right wing
Ethnicity
Hargrave (2002)
Beattle et al (1999)
Cohen
Hargrave (2002) - Black people more than 2x likely as white people to be portrayed as criminals on tv
Cohen - Mods and Rockers, deviancy amplification
Beattle et al (1999) - Black and Asian more likely to be guests on a show, Ethnic minorities are ‘ghettoized’ in mainstream media
Globalisation, how is culture going to be effected by globalisation
Fenton (1999)
- Technology is the vehicle that has made it possible for mass cultures to see high cultured products and have them in their own homes
- cultural and media imperialism - a process where Western values are imposed on non Western cultures, undermining local cultures and independence
- Fenton (1999) - Term global rarely means universal and that normally disguises the domination of Western culture over others.
Global culture
Ritzer
Sklair
Kellner
Ritzer - sees American food industry as perfect example of global culture (McDonald’s 33,000 restaurants in 119 countries)
Sklair(2010) - media (American) spreads information, news, ideas and entertainment. However it blurs the distinctions and sells the American lifestyle as the ideal
Kellner(1995) - media has power to globally produce images of lifestyle the become part of everyday life. People form their identites based of this.
Post modernist
Baudrillard
Strinati
Baudrillard - Media images saturated society, media images distort reality (hyperreality)
Simulacra - replaces reality with its representation
Strinati - importance and power of media in shaping consumer choice, helps us define our identity
social construction of the news
- influence of owners
- Making a profit - Bagdikian advertising means news reporting will avoid offending advertisers
- Globalisation - Bivens, citizen journalism changed journalism making activities more accountable
- Gatekeeping media power to cover some and let other stories go - Philo bank crisis no other representation
- The presentation of the news - images create bias
Primary definers
Hatt et al call these people who have privileged access to the media
how does the Male Gaze link Marxism to feminism
- Media content doesn’t reflect social diversity
- Perspective is predominantly male upper and middle class who own and control the media, and produce media
Symbolic annihilation
Criticims
Gerbner and Gross suggests that its the absence of reputation between some groups in society.
This gives a distorted impression of some social groups, or erase them from public consciousness altogether
Gauntlett (2008)- says that diversity of representations and diversity of audiences can’t be assumed by media and some people may chose to ignore, accept or reject media representations.
Or even in this postmodern age pick and mix media representations
