2 markers Flashcards
Describe Social Solidarity
the integration of people into society through shared values, a common culture, shared understanding and social ties that bring them together and build social cohesion
social cohesion
the bonds or ‘glue’ that bring people together and integrate them into a society
functional prerequisites
refers to the basic needs that must be met if society is to survive
hidden curriculum
concerns not so much the formal content of the subject lessons and examinations (overt curriculum) as the way teaching and learning are organised
Particularistic values
rules and values that give priority to personal relationships
universalistic values
rules and values that apply to all members of society equally
meritocracy
is a society where jobs and pay are allocated on the basis purely of people’s individual talents, abilities, qualifications and skills
human capital
the knowledge and skills possessed by a workforce that increases workforce’s values and usefulness to employers
marketisation
the process whereby services like education or health, that were previously controlled by the state, have government control or local council control reduced or removed altogether and become subject to the free market of supply and demand, based on competition and consumer choice.
false consciousness
failure by members of a social class to recognise their real interests
ideological state apparatus
agencies that serve to spread the ideology, and justify the power of the dominant social classes
habitus
the cultural framework and set of ideas possessed by a social class into which people are socialized and which influences their cultural tastes and choices
cultural capital
the knowledge, language, manners, forms of behaviour, attitudes, values, taste, and lifestyle which give the middle class and upper-class students who possess them an inbuilt advantage in a middle class controlled education system
subculture
a smaller culture held by a smaller group of people within the main culture of society, in some ways different but with many aspects in common
anti-school subculture
a group organized around a set of values, attitudes, and behaviour in opposition to the main aims of school
labelling
refers to the process of defining a person or group in a certain way - as a particular ‘type’ of person or group
self fulfilling prophecy
where people act in response to predictions that have been made regarding their behaviour, thereby making the prediction come true
cultural deprivation
the idea that some young people fail in education because of supposed cultural deficiencies in their home and family backgrounds, such as inadequate socialization, failings in pre-school learning, inadequate language skills, and inappropriate attitudes and values
elaborated code
sort of formal language used by strangers and individuals in some formal contexts where explanations and detail are required and uses a much wider vocabulary than the restricted code
restricted code
is the informal, simple, everyday language, sometimes ungrammatical and with limited explanations and vocab, which is used between friends and family members
positive discrimination
involves giving disadvantaged groups more favourable treatment than others to make up for possible inequalities they may face
institutional racism
discrimination or unequal treatment in institutions based on ethnicity
teacher stereotypes and labelling often had a negative effect on Asian + black students in primary schools - example
ethnocentric curriculum
involves subjects taught, activities, and the hidden curriculum at school being biased towards one particular culture such as concentrating on white British society and culture
Tripartite Act
- Butler Act 1944 introduced the tripartite act to give give an equal opportunity to all students
- All pupils on equal chance to education
- Test assessed the aptitudes and abilities of pupils
