Med Term- Module 6 Flashcards
acetabulum
Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint
acromion
outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
bone
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton
calcaneus
heel bone
calcium
one of the mineral constituents of the bone
cancellous bone
spongy; porous, bone tissue in the upper part of the bone
cartilage
flexible, connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
collage
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues
compact bone
hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
condyle
a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone
cranial bones
skull bones, ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
diaphysis
shaft or mid-portion, of a long bone
disc
flat, round, plate-like structure
epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
epiphysis
each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate
facial bones
bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic
fissure
a natural cleft between body parts or in the substance of an organ
fontanelle
soft spot between the skull bones of an infant
foramen
the bony hollow archway created by pedicles of adjacent vertebrae
fossa
a depression or hollow
haversian canals
minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
malleolus
round process on both sides of the ankle joint
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint
mastoid process
rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
metaphysis
flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate
olecranon
large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow
osseous tissue
bone tissue
ossification
process of bone formation
osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue
osteoclast
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
periosteum
membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
phosphorus
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
pubic symphysis
junction of the two public bones in the anterior of the pelvis
red bone marrow
soft spongy tissue found in the interior of flat bones, such as the hip and breast bone; site of hematopoiesis
ribs
twelve pairs of curved bones that form of the chest wall
sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
styloid process
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
suture
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
trabeculae
supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous bone
trochanter
a rough prominence at the upper part of the femur of many vertebrates serving usually for the attachment of muscles
tubercle
a small rounded projection or protuberance, especially on a bone or on the surface of an animal or plant.
tuberosity
an elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia
vertebra
individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord
dorsiflexion
decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward
extension
increasing the angle between two bones
flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones
plantar flexion
motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal
pronation
turning the palm down
rotation
circular movement around an axis
supination
act of turning the palm up
fascia
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
insertion of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
origin of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
striated muscle
muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle
visceral muscle
muscle connected to internal organs
fasci/o
fascia
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
leiomy/o
smooth muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
my/o
muscle
myocardio/o
heart muscle
myos/o
muscle
plant/o
sole of the foot
rhabdomy/o
skeletal muscle connected to bones
rhabdomy/o
skeletal muscle connected to bones
-asthenia
lack of strength
-trophy
development, nourishment
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
dorsi-
back
poly-
many, much
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy
antinuclear antibody test
detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
antinuclear antibody test
detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube
rheumatoid factor text
serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis
serum calcium
measurement of calcium level in serum
serum creatine kinase
measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum
uric acid test
measurement of uric acid in serum
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
arthrography
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into joint
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor
bone density test
low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass
bone scan
uptake of a radioactive substance is measure in bone
computed tomography
x-ray beam and computer show cross-sectional and other images of body tissue
diskography
x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus polposus
electromyography
recording the electrical activity of muscle tissue
xiphoid process
the lower, narrow portion of the sternum
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
calc/o, calci/o
calcium
calcane/o
calcaneus
carp/o
carpals
clavicul/o
clavicle
cost/o
ribs
crani/o
cranium
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback
lamin/o
lamina
lord/o
curve, swayback
lumb/o
loins, lower back
malleol/o
malleolus
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jaw bone)
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jaw bone)
metacarp/o
metacarpals
metatars/o
metatarsals
myel/o
bone marrow
olecran/o
olecranon
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
patell/o
patella
pelv/i
pelvis
phalang/o
phalanges
pub/o
pubis
radi/o
radius
scapul/o
scapula
scoli/o
crooked, bent
stern/o
sternum
tars/o
tarsals
spondyl/o
vertebra
tars/o
tarsals
tibi/o
tibia
uln/o
ulna
vertebr/o
vertebra
-blast
embryonic or immature cell
-clast
to break
-listhesis
slipping
-malacia
softening
-physis
to grow
-porosis
pore, passage
-tome
instrument to cut
ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone
exostosis
bony growth arising from the surface of the bone
fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts
osteomalacia
softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bone
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density, thinning and weakening of bone
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot
articulation
any type of joint
bursa
sac of fluid near a joint
ligament
fibrous, connective bands binding bones to other bones
suture joint
immovable joint
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint
synovial fluid
viscous fluid within the synovial cavity
synovial joint
a freely movable joint
synovial membrane
tissue lining the synovial cavity
tendon
fibrous, connective tissue binding muscles to bones
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
ligament/o
ligament
rheumat/o
watery flow
synov/o
synovial membrane
ten/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
-desis
to bind, tie together
-stenosis
narrowing
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints
arthritis
inflammation of any joint
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist
dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
gouty arthritis
inflammation of painful swelling in and around joints caused by deposition of uric acid crystals
herniation of an intervertebral disc
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
lyme disease
chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick
osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of the bone at articular surfaces
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain
sprain
injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of the ligaments around a joint
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and lungs
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
magnetic resonance imaging
strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissues inside the body
muscle biopsy
removal of tissue for microscopic examination to assess for abnormalities or disease
