med term final Flashcards
what are the five language skills that every language of communication consists of
reading, listening, thinking (analyzing), writing and spelling, speaking and pronouncing
the study of word origins
Etymology
where do many words from medical language come from
Greek and latin
when a latin singular noun ends in -a, form the plural by
changing a to ae
when a latin singular noun ends in -us, form the plural by
changing us to i
When a Latin singular noun end in -um, form the plural by changing
um to a
When a Latin singular noun end in -is, form the plural by changing
is to es
When a Latin singular noun end in -ex, form the plural by changing
ex to ices
When a Latin singular noun end in -ix, form the plural by changing
ix to ices
When a Greek singular noun ends in –is, form the plural by changing
is to ides
When a Greek singular noun ends in –nx, form the plural by changing
nx to nges
When a Greek singular noun ends in –oma, form the plural by changing
oma to omata
When a Greek singular noun ends in –on, form the plural by changing
on to a
what are the three types of word parts
combining form, suffix, prefix
a word part that is the foundation of a word
combining form
at the end of a word
suffix
at the beginning of a word
prefix
the palms of the hands are facing up and the body it standing straight up and down.
anatomical position
an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two parts.
plane
What are the three main body planes
the coronal/frontal plane, and the sagittal plane, transverse plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections.
coronal/frontal plane
what is the front called
anterior or vertical section
what is the back called
posterior or dorsal section
direction involves moving from outside the body through the anterior section then through the posterior section.
anteroposterior
direction involves moving from outside the body through the posterior section and then through the anterior section.
posteroanterior
the vertical plane the divides the body into right and left sections
the sagittal plane
Moving from either side of the body toward the midline is moving a
medical direction or medially
Moving from the midline toward either side of the body is moving a
lateral direction or laterally
a horizontal plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.
transverse plane
the upper half is called the
superior section
the lower half is called the
inferior section
Moving toward the head is called moving in a
superior direction or superiorly or moving in a cephalad direction.
Moving toward the tail bone is moving in an
inferior direction or inferiorly or moving in a caudad direction.
Moving from trunk of the body toward the end of a limb is moving in a
distal direction or distally.
Moving from the end of a limb toward the trunk of the body is moving in a
proximal direction or proximally.
Structures on the surface of the body are
superficial or external structures.
Structures below the surface and inside the body are
deep or internal structures
a hollow space
cavity
is within the bony cranium. Contains the brain, cranial nerves, and other structures.
cranial cavity
a continuation of the cranial cavity as it travels down the midline of the spine. It contains the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and other structures.
spinal cavity or spinal canal
Thoracic cavity is within the chest and surrounded by the breast bone, ribs, and the bones of the spinal cord. Contains
trachea, esophagus, heart, and other structures.
within abdomen, surrounded by abdomic muscles and bones spinal column.
Abdominal cavity-
continuation of the abdominal cavity, surrounded by pelvic bones and spinal column.
pelvis cavity
the combination of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
Abdominopelvic cavity
in the abdominopelvic cavity are known as viscera. These organs include; gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary systems.
Internal organs
what are the LUQ, RUQ, RLQ, and LLQ
the four quadrants
the study of the structures of the human body.
anatomy
the study of the function of the structures.
Microscopic to macroscopic
physiology
the smallest independently functioning structure in the body that can reproduce itself by division.
the cell
can only be seen with a microscope
microscope
Cells combine to form tissue and tissue combines to form
organs
can be seen by the naked eye
macroscopic
occurs when there is difficult or painful eating and swallowing
dysphagia
the decreased appetite due to disease or side effect of a drug
anorexia
excessive overeating
polyphagia
inflammation of the oral mucosa due to poorly fitted dentures or infection
stomatitis
inflammation of only the tongue
glossitis
mild and temporary epigastric pain with common side effects of gas and nausea
dyspepsia
veins that protrude in the mucosa of lower esophagus
esophageal varices
acute or chronic inflammation of stomach, can be bacteria or virus
gastritis
acute inflammation or infection of stomach and intestines, can be bacterial or viral, causes abd. pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea
gastroenteritis
inflammation and irritation due to reflux of stomach acid into esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd)
temporary inflammation of esophagus because of acid reflux. aka pyrosis
heartburn
vomiting of blood, caused by bleeding in stomach or esophagus
hematemesis
the urge to vomit
nausea
expelled food or chime
vomit
reflux small amounts of food into mouth
regurgitation
chronic irritation, pain, erosion of mucosa, forms ulcer.
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
telescoping of a segment of intestine into lumen of next
intussusception
inflammation and infection of appendix
appendicitis
common in babies, abd. pain after eating
colic
wall of colon becomes weak, forms pouch or tube in mucosa.
diverticulum
feces become trapped in pouch causing infection, pain, and fever
diverticulum
bacterial infection caused by e. coli. watery diarrhea mixed with blood and mucus
dysentery
auto immune, toxic reaction because of gluten
gluten sensitivity enteropathy
inflammation of parts of small and large intestines.
inflammatory bowel disease
inflammation of the ileum and colon
crohns disease
inflammation with colon and rectum, causes ulcers
ulcerative colitis
disorder of colon functions. no signs of inflammation. intestine is spasming
irritable bowel syndrome
benign or precancerous growth in mucosa of colon. may become cancerous
polyp
veins protrude around on or around anus
hemorrhoids
wall of rectum pushes on vaginal wall, collapses inward and blocks vaginal canal
rectocele
failure to have regular bowel movements
constipation
loose watery and frequent feces
diarrhea
excessive amounts of fat in stomach and intestines
flatulence
blood in feces, due to ulcer, cancer, crohns disease, polyp, hemorrhoid
hematochezia
can’t control bowel movements
incontinence
greasy, foul smelling feces. contains undigested fats
steatorrhea
fibrous bands that form after surgery, intestines bind to other organs.
adhesions
weakness in muscle of abd. wall. Swelling and pain.
hernia
hernia at umbilicus
umbilical hernia
hernia in the groin
inguinal hernia
inflammation and infection of peritoneum. Tumor or ulcer eats through wall of stomach and intestines.
peritonitis
accumulation of fluid in abdominopelvic cavity
ascites
progressive inflammation and irreversible damage to liver. Enlarged and impaired.
cirrhosis
inflammation and infection of liver due to hepatitis virus
hepatitis
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
yellow color of the skin and whites of the eyes. Increase levels of bilirubin.
jaundice
acute or chronic inflammation of the bile ducts
cholangitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecysitis
gall stones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
inflammation or infection of pancreas
pancreatitis
Test that uses a culture to determine which bacterium is causing an intestinal infection and a sensitivity test to determine which antibiotic drugs it is sensitive to.
culture and sensitivity (c and s)
Test for hidden blood in the feces. The feces are mixed with the chemical reagent guaiac. This is also known as stool guaiac test. If blood is present, the guaiac will turn a blue color.
fecal occult blood test
Test to determine if there is a parasitic infection in the gastrointestinal tract
ova and parasites (o and p)
Barium is inserted through the rectum. Outlines the walls of the colon and takes an x-ray.
barium enema (BE)
Procedure that used a contrast dye to outline the bile ducts. An x-ray is taken to show any gallstones
cholangiography
High frequency sounds waves create images of gallbladder.
gallbladder ultrasound
barium is swallowed. outlines esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)
Nasogastric tub is inserted through nostrils, drains secretions from stomach and may feed patients.
insertion of nasogastric tube
removal of appendix
appendectomy
Procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from an ulcer, polyp, mass, or tumor.
biopsy
remove the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
Procedure to remove the disease part of the colon and create a new opening in the abdominal wall where feces can leave the body.
colostomy
endoscope is used to examine the gastrointestinal tract.
endoscopy
removal of all or parts of stomach
gastrectomy
treats obesity. Staples make a small stomach pouch.
gastroplasty
opening is made into the abd. wall to insert a feeding tube.
gastrostomy
removal of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
opening in abd. wall into jejunum to insert feeding tube.
jejunostomy
removal of severely damaged liver.
liver transplantation
treats heartburn
antacid drugs
treats gastrointestinal infections
antibiotic
treats diarrhea
antidiarrheal
treats nausea and vomiting
antiemetic drug
treat constipation
laxative drugs
common cold, bacterial or viral infection
upper respiratory infection (URI)
hyperactivity of the bronchioles, inflammation
asthma
acute or chronic inflammation or infection of bronchi
bronchitis
friction rub, rales, rhonchi, stridor or wheezes
abnormal breath sounds
severe infection, extensive burn, or injury in the lungs
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
incomplete expansion or collapse of part of a lung due to mucus, tumor, trauma, or foreign body blocking the bronchus
atelectasis
combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smoking
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
hereditary, eventually fatal disease caused by a recessive gene
cystic fibrosis (CF)
known as the flu
influenza
constant exposure to inhaled particles causing pulmonary fibrosis and aveoli to lose their elasticity
occupational lung diseases
infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs
pneumonia
caused by foreign matter thats inhaled into lungs
aspiration pneumonia
caused by bacteria
bacterial pneumonia
affects bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
bronchopneumonia
involves both lungs
double pneumonia
affects part of or all of just one lobe of the lung
lobar pneumonia
acute, caused by bacterium
pneumococcal pneumonia
caused by virus(let it run its course)
viral pneumonia
mild form, caused by bacterium
walking pneumonia
fluid collects in alveoli, resulting in back up of blood
pulmonary edema
blockage of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches
pulmonary embolism
lung infection caused by bacterium, spread by airborne droplets or coughing
tuberculosis (TB)
blood stuck in thoracic cavity usually from trauma
hemothorax
inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pneumonia, trauma or tumor
pleurisy
large volume of air in the pleural space
pneumothorax
Brief or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or arrest
apnea
abnormal slow rate of breathing
bradypnea
painful respirations due to lung disease
dyspnea
need to be propped in upright position to breathe
orthopnea
abnormally rapid rate of breathing
tachypnea
Complete lack of O2 in arterial blood or body tissues
anoxia
abnormally high level of CO2 and abnormally low level of O2
asphyxia
low level of O2 and high levels of CO2 in blood and tissues
cyanosis
very low level of O2 in the arterial blood
hypoxemia
blood test to measure the pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
arterial blood gases (ABG)
blood test to measure carbon monoxide in the blood
carboxyhemoglobin
procedure when a small clip device is put on the tip of the index finger or earlobe to measure oxygen saturation in the blood
oximetry
measures capacity of the lungs and volume when inhaling and exhaling
pulmonary function test (PFT)
test to see what bacteria is growing and how to kill it
Sputum Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
test to see if a patient has been exposed to tuberculosis.
tuberculosis test
uses a 4-pronged device to puncture skin and introduce PPD
tine test
intradermal injection of PPD
mantoux test
uses x-ray to create image of the lungs (Chest x-ray)
chest radiography
procedure to scan a narrow slice of tissue and create an image
CT scan and MRI scan
nuclear medicine procedure that uses radioactive gas to show the air flow
lung scan
uses a stethoscope to listen and percussion uses one finger over the hand to tap and is spread across the patients back lobe of the lung
Auscultation and percussion
procedure to ventilate lungs and circulate the blood if a patients has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped beating
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
lighted laryngoscope is used to see vocal cords and a tube is inserted from the outside of the mouth and into the trachea to establish an airway for patient to be on a ventilator
Endotracheal intubation
used to assist a choking victim with an airway obstruction
heimlich remover
medical device to encourage patients to breathe deeply, a spirometer is a plastic device with a mouth piece that measure the amount of air the patient took in
incentive spirometer
oxygen is delivered to the patient through a nasal cannula of face mask, a patient who needs respiratory assistance and oxygen is placed on a ventilator, and an ambu bag is a hand held device used to manually breathe for the patient but only on a temporary basis
oxygen therapy
temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure are all taken
vital signs
procedure when a lighted bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi
bronchoscopy
procedure when a plastic tube is inserted between the ribs and into the thoracic cavity to remove air or blood
chest tube insertion
procedure to remove all or part of the lung
lung resection
procedure that uses needle and a vacuum container to remove pleural fluid from the pleura space
thoracentesis
incision into the thoracic cavity
thoracotomy
procedure that starts with an incision into the trachea to create an opening, a tube is inserted to keep it open
tracheostomy
treats respiratory infections caused by bacteria
antibiotic drugs
suppress the cough center in the brain
antitussive drugs
ABG
arterial blood gases
A and P
auscultation and percussion
BS
breath sounds
C and S
culture and sensitivity
CF
cystic fibrosis
CO
carbon monoxide
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CXR
chest x ray
ETT
endotracheal tube
O2
oxygen
PFT
pulmonary function test
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
TPR
temperature, pulse, respirations
URI
upper respiratory infection
pain in the chest that is a warning that myocardial infarction might happen
angina pectoris
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
any disease condition of the heart
cardiomyopathy
The death of myocardial cells from severe ischemia, this causes the flow of blood to be blocked. Also known as a heart attack.
myocardial infarction, MI
blood pressures lower than 90/60.
hypotension
blood pressure higher than 140/90.
hypertension
sudden and severe vasoconstriction in fingers and toes, triggered by cold and emotions. Can lead to necrosis.
raynauds disease
narrowed, hardened arteries. Starts from a small tear from hypertension. More common with those who have a high fat diet.
arteriosclerosis
when a heart beats fast but regular, beats are up to 200 per minute.
tachycardia
when a hearts beats slowly.
bradycardia
chambers of the heart didn’t have time to completely fill with blood.
flutter
area of dilation and weakness in a wall artery, during each heartbeat the wall of the artery bulges forward.
aneurysm
autoimmune response to strep throat, when the bodies make the antibodies, they attack the connective tissue.
rheumatic heart disease
inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac, with accumulation of pericardial fluid.
pericarditis
abnormal heart sound created by the turbulence as blood leaks through a defective heart.
murmur
A test that provides comprehensive picture of the levels in the blood of cholesterol and triglycerides and their lipoprotein carriers.
lipid profile
Procedure performed to study the anatomy and pressures in the heart.
cardiac catheterization
Procedure performed to evaluate the heart’s response to exercise in patients with chest pain, palpitations, or arrhythmias.
cardiac exercise stress test
Procedure that records the electrical activity of the heart.
electrocardiography
Electrical image generated by the contraction and relaxation of the heart.
EKG
Procedure during which the patient’s heart rate and rhythm are continuously monitored as an outpatient for 24 hours.
holter monitor
Cardiac stress test performed in patients who cannot exercise vigorously.
pharmacologic stress test
Procedure to monitor a patient’s heart rate and rhythm in the hospital.
telemetry
Procedure in which radiopaque contrast dye is injected into a blood vessel to fill and outline it.
angiography
Procedure that uses transducer to produce ultra high-frequency sound waves that are bounced off the heart to create an image.
echocardiography
Nuclear medicine procedure that uses radiopaque tracer technetium-99m.
multiple gated acquisition scan
Procedure that uses stethoscope to listen to the heart sounds.
auscultation
Procedure to treat an arrhythmia that cannot be controlled with drugs.
cardioversion
Procedure in which a sclerosing drug is injected into varicose vein.
sclerotherapy
Procedure during physical exam to measure the temp, heart rate, and respirations as well as blood pressure.
vital signs
Procedure to remove and aneurysm and repair the defect in the artery wall.
Aneurysmectomy
Procedure used during open heart surgery in which the patient’s blood is rerouted through the cannula in the femoral vein to a heart lung machine.
cardiopulmonary bypass
Procedure to bypass an occluded coronary artery and restore blood flow to the myocardium.
coronary artery bypass graft
Procedure to remove a severely damaged heart from a patient with end stage heart failure and insert a new heart from a donor.
heart transplantation
Procedure in which an automated device is implanted to control the heart rate and rhythm in a patient with an arrhythmia.
pacemaker insertion
Procedure to reconstruct a coronary artery that is narrowed because of atherosclerosis.
PTCA
Procedure that uses a needle to puncture the pericardium and withdraw inflammatory fluid accumulated in pericardial sac.
pericardiocentesis
Procedure to destroy ectopic areas in the heart that are emitting electrical impulses and producing arrhythmias.
radiofrequency ablation
Procedure to replace a severely damaged or prolapsed heart valve.
valve replacement
prevent blood clots
anticoagulant
prevents heart attack
aspirin
Block sodium from being absorbed from tubule back into blood.
diuretic drugs
treat angina pectoris
nitrate drugs
Treat blood clots that are blocking blood through an artery.
thrombolytic drugs
AED
automatic external defibrillator
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CCU
coronary care unit
CHF
congestive heart failure
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CV
cardiovascular
EKG
electrocardiography
HTN
hypertension
LA
left atrium
LV
left ventricle
MI
myocardial infarction
MVP
Mitral valve prolapse
P
pulse
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
RA
right atrium
RV
right ventricle
SA
Sinoatrial
TPR
Temperature pulse respirations
general term involving blood cells
blood dyscrasia
loss of a large amount of blood
hemorrhage
decreased numbers of all type of blood cells
pancytopenia
severe bacterial infection of the tissue that spreads to the blood then entire body
septicemia
any abnormal size, shape or color of erythrocytes
abnormal red blood cell morphology
decrease in number of erythrocytes
anemia
failure the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes due to damage by disease (can be temporary)
aplastic anemia
caused by deficiency of iron in the diet or increased loss of iron because of menstruation, hemorrhage, or chronic blood loss
iron deficiency anemia
inherited genetic abnormality of amino acids and hemoglobin so the erythrocytes are crest shape
sickle cell anemia
general term for irregular shape of erythrocytes
poikilocytosis
happens when a pt receives a blood transfusion that they are not compatible with (hemolytic reaction: fever, chills, hypotension, and kidney failure occur)
transfusion reaction
sexual transmitted or can be passed through blood your body produces antibodies against your immune system so your body can’t fight of diseases
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
when your immune is weak an infection sees this as a perfect time to attack your system
opportunistic infection
infectious disease caused by the epstein-barr virus (EBV) results in lymphadenopathy
mononucleosis (mono)
general term for disease that affects your blood to clot normally
coagulopathy
a thrombus (blood clot) in one of the deep veins in your leg common for pt that are immobile. Could result in a embolus (blood clot that travels to the heart that can cause further damage).
deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
inherited disease that causes a lack or deficiency of a specific clotting factor so the pt can bleed out from a little cut
hemophilia
lack in the number of thrombocytes due to radiation, chemicals, drugs where your body isn’t making enough
thrombocytopenia
immune reaction of donor tissue or donor organ against the pt
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
enlarged lymph nodes could be caused by an infection
lymphadenopathy
swelling of an extremity because of a chain of lymph nodes have been removed so there is fluid build up
lymphedema
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
tumor of the thymus usually benign
thymoma
determine the pt blood type and rH factor
blood type
with differential- determines the number and type of characteristics of blood cells
complete blood count (CBC)
percentage of RBC
hematocrit (HCT)
monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant drug heparin
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)-
monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant drug Coumadin
prothrombin time (PT)
determines the level of different substances in the blood
blood chemistries
measures the amount of iron in the blood
ferritin
detect infection associated with HIV
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test
test for the EB virus that is associated with mono
monospot test
measures your immunoglobulins
electrophoresis
uses dye to examine lymph vessels
lymphangiography
removing red bone marrow
bone marrow aspiration
drawing blood
phlebotomy
injects vaccine into the body to prevent against diseases
vaccination
donor donates blood
blood donation
donated blood is received by a pt through an IV
blood transfusion
pt receives bone marrow
bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
separate red blood cells from the plasma
plasmapheresis
immature red blood cells received by a pt
stem cell transplantation-
aspirate material from lymph node to examine
lymph node biopsy
removal of the lymph nodes
lymph node dissection
removal of the spleen
splenectomy
removal of the thymus
thymectomy
prevent blood from clotting
anticoagulant
stimulates the red marrow to make erythrocytes
erythropoietin
suppressant immune response (ex: transplant organ)
immunosuppressant drug
A
A blood type
AB
AB blood type
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
B
B blood type
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CBC
complete blood count
EBV
epstein-barr virus
GVHD
graft-versus-host disease
HCT
hematocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
H and H
hemoglobin and hematocrit
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
mono
mononucleosis
O
O blood type
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
RBC
red blood cells
WBC
white blood cells
Cell Death in epiphysis of a long bone, often from a lack of blood
avascular necrosis
Osteoma- benign
bone tumor
osteosarcoma
malignant
Benign tumor of cartilage.
chondroma
bone does not break through skin
closed
bone does break though skin
open
broken portions remain in correct alignment
nondisplaced
broken portions are not in correct alignment
displaced
bone is crushed into several pieces
comminuted
vertebrae are compressed together
compression
bone is only broken on one side
greenstick
-very thin fracture line
hairline
-bone is broken at an oblique angle
oblique
bone is broken in a spiral due to a twisting force
spiral
broken perpendicular to its long axis
transverse
Softening of bones due to Vitamin D deficiency
osteomalacia
Infection in bone and bone marrow
osteomyelitis
Thinning of bone structure
osteoporosis
posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback/hunchback)
kyphosis
anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
lordosis
C or S shaped later curvature of the spine
scoliosis
Pain in joint due to inflammation or infection (symptom)
arthralgia
Any disease of joint (general term)
arthropathy
Displacement of end of the bone from normal position
dislocation
High uric acid level in the blood causing severe pain
gout
Arthritis caused by a bacteria from a deer tick bite
lyme disease
Chronic inflammatory disease of large weight bearing joints
osteoarthritis
Autoimmune inflammatory disease of connective tissues, usually joints
rheumatoid arthritis
Overstretching or tearing of a ligament
sprain
Tear of the cartilage pad of the knee
torn meniscus
congenital deformity in which the feet are pulled downward and toward the middle of the body
clubfoot
blood test that is positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor
blood test that has an elevated level in patients with gout
uric acid
measures the BMD to determine if the beginning of osteoporosis has occurred
bone density test
used to measure range of motion
goniometry
artificial limb
prosthesis
uses weight to pull the end of bones into correct alignment.
traction
-used to remove access fluid from joint
arthrocentesis
uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize the inside of the joint
arthroscopy
uses bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects
bone graft
removing a bunion
bunionectomy
metal pins inserted into bone
external fixation
surgically opening fracture site to realign using screws, nails, or plates
ORIF
AKA
above the knee amputation
AP
anteroposterior
BKA
below the knee amputation
BMD
bone mineral density
C1-C7
cervical vertebrae
Ca
calcium
DJD
degenerative joint disease
Fx
fracture
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae
LLE
left lower extremity
LUE
left upper extremity
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA
osteoarthritis
ORIF
open reduction and internal fixation
ortho
orthopedics
PT
physical therapy
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RF
rheumatoid factor
RLE
right lower extremity
ROM
range of motion
RUE
right upper extremity
T1-T12
thoracic vertebrae
Loss of muscle, caused by malnutrition or if they are paralyzed
atrophy
