med term Flashcards
1
Q
afebrile
A
without a fever
constitutional/general
level 1
2
Q
auscultation
A
listening to sounds produced within the body, usually using a stethoscope
constitutional/general
level 1
3
Q
baseline
A
the normal state of being or starting point
constitutional/general
level 1
4
Q
combative
A
ready or inclined to fight; aggressively uncooperative
constitutional/general
level 1
5
Q
constitutional
A
affecting the whole constitution of the body, not local
constitutional/general
level 1
6
Q
dehydration
A
excessive loss of body water; dry lips and mucosa are some of the signs of dehydration
constitutional/general
level 1
7
Q
differential diagnosis
A
a disease or condition which the provider thinks could be the cause of a patient’s symptoms; usually ruled-in or ruled-out by testing
constitutional/general
level 1
8
Q
distress
A
mental or physical suffering or pain
constitutional/general
level 1
9
Q
febrile
A
increased body temperature, with fever, or caused by fever
constitutional/general
level 1
10
Q
infarct
A
a localized area of dead tissue resulting from lack of blood supply
constitutional/general
level 1
11
Q
ischemia
A
inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
constitutional/general
level 1
12
Q
lethargy
A
extreme fatigue or drowsiness
constitutional/general
level 1
13
Q
malaise
A
general feeling of discomfort or illness
constitutional/general
level 1
14
Q
morbidly obese
A
extremely overweight; body mass index (BMI) over 40
constitutional/general
level 1
15
Q
palpable
A
able to be touched or felt; easily perceived
constitutional/general
level 1
16
Q
sepsis
A
the presence of infectious organisms or toxins in the blood
constitutional/general
level 1
17
Q
somnolent
A
sleepy or drowsy
constitutional/general
level 1
18
Q
benign
A
mild type, or does not threaten health or life
constitutional/general
level 2
19
Q
cachectic
A
abnormally thin and malnourished, emaciated
constitutional/general
level 2
20
Q
hemorrhage
A
profuse bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel
constitutional/general
level 2
21
Q
polydipsia
A
abnormal or excessive thirst, can be indicative of diabetes
constitutional/general
level 2
22
Q
rhabdomyolysis
A
the breakdown of muscle tissue that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents into the blood; can cause kidney damage
constitutional/general
level 2
23
Q
rigors
A
tremors/exaggerated shivering caused by a chill, usually in case of fever
constitutional/general
level 2
24
Q
acute
A
new/abrupt onset and duration; the opposite of chronic
symptom timing
level 1
25
acute on chronic
a sudden exacerbation of chronic symptoms
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
26
chronic
constant or of long duration, opposite of acute
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
27
episodic
symptom that occurs occasionally at irregular intervals
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
28
gradual onset
symptoms that progress slowly from mild to severe symptoms; develop gradually
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
29
intermittent
used to describe symptoms that completely resolved in between returning
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
30
resolved
symptoms are completely gone
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
31
transient
a symptom having a short duration which resolves spontaneously
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
32
waxing and waning
the symptom is always present, never fully resolving but does increase/decrease in severity at times
| symptom timing
## Footnote
level 1
33
atraumatic
not producing injury or damage; important to document for patients who present for injury or pain
| head
## Footnote
level 1
34
Battle’s Sign
discoloration/bruising behind the ears, often associated with a basilar skull fracture
| head
## Footnote
level 1
35
meningitis
inflammation/infection of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain
| head
## Footnote
level 1
36
raccoon eyes
bilateral ecchymosis (bruising) in the periorbital region (around the eyes), suggestive of a basilar skull fracture; also, referred to as periorbital ecchymosis
| head
## Footnote
level 1
37
sinusitis
inflammation/infection of the sinuses, causes sinus pressure
| head
## Footnote
level 1
38
TMJ disorder
can cause pain in your jaw joint and in the muscles that control jaw movement
| head
## Footnote
level 1
39
anterior fontanel
anatomical feature of an infant’s skull, also called a soft spot; the anterior fontanel is a space between the frontal and parietal bones which normally closes within 18-24 months
| head
## Footnote
level 2
40
normocephalic
the head is of normal shape and normal size
| head
## Footnote
level 2
41
conjunctival injection
redness in the white part of the eye; indicates inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis)
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
42
conjunctival exudate
pus-like material in the eyes; usually indicates conjunctivitis
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
43
corneal abrasion
a scratch to the cornea of the eye; the cornea is the clear, front surface of the eye located directly in front of the colored part of the eye (iris)
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
44
diplopia
also known as double vision, the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
45
Fluorescein
An orange dye which is applied to the eye to detect corneal abrasions.
46
PERRL
Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
47
photophobia
extreme sensitivity to light
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
48
proparacaine
local anesthetic, often applied to the eyes in the form of drops
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
49
slit lamp
a microscope used during eye exams that can detect any small abnormalities
| eyes
## Footnote
level 1
50
anisocoria
condition characterized by unequal pupil sizes
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
51
chalazion
a small swelling or lump on your eyelid caused by a blocked gland
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
52
EOMI
Extraocular Movements Intact; refers to the normal movement of the extraocular muscles, which are the muscles that control eye movement
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
53
nystagmus
involuntary, rapid movement of the eye balls; can be horizontal or vertical
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
54
pale palpebral conjunctiva
paleness of the inner lining of the eyelid, indicates anemia
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
55
periorbital ecchymosis
bruising around the eyes, also called raccoon eyes. a skull fracture
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
56
scleral icterus
yellowing of the sclera, or white part of the eye, due to jaundice
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
57
subconjunctival hemorrhage
bleeding in the white part of the eye; occurs when a blood vessel breaks underneath the conjunctiva of the eye
| eyes
## Footnote
level 2
58
coloboma
a hole in one of the structures of the eye
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
59
conjugate gaze
the paired movements of the eyes as they track moving objects
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
60
fundoscopic exam
use of the ophthalmoscope to examine the eye
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
61
hyphema
a collection of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye, between the cornea and the iris; most often caused by trauma to the eye
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
62
palpebral
of or relating to the eyelids
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
63
papilledema
optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
64
ptosis
drooping or falling of the upper eyelid
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
65
seidel test
an eye test used to assess the presence of anterior chamber leakage in the cornea
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
66
strabismus
abnormal alignment of the eyes, the eyes appear to be looking in different directions; esotropia is when one or more eyes turn inwards and exotropia is where one or more eyes turn outwards
| eyes
## Footnote
level 3
67
cauliflower ear
a deformity of the ear caused by blunt trauma or injury that results in a collection of blood or fluid in the outer ear
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
68
cerumen
earwax
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
69
cerumen impaction
the buildup of cerumen in the ear canal to the point of being unable to visualize the TM
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
70
ceruminosis
copious amount of earwax without obstructing the view of the TM
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
71
mastoid
the process of the temporal bone behind the ear
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
72
otitis externa
infection of the ear canal. Also known as swimmer’s ear as this condition is common among swimmers; treated with antibiotic ear drops
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
73
otitis media
infection of the middle ear; common in children and treated with PO antibiotics
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
74
pinna
the external part of the ear, also called auricle
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
75
tinnitus
ringing or buzzing in the ears
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
76
TM
Tympanic Membrane; also known as the eardrum
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
77
TM bulging
protruding or outward curve of the TM; usually indicates pressure, inflammation, or fluid behind the TM
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
78
TM erythema
redness of the tympanic membrane, usually indicates an ear infection (otitis media)
| ears
## Footnote
level 1
79
friable
easily broken into smaller pieces
| ears
## Footnote
level 2
80
hemotympanum
blood behind the tympanic membrane (ear drum), usually caused by trauma to the head and may indicate a skull fracture
| ears
## Footnote
level 2
81
otalgia
ear ache/pain
| ears
## Footnote
level 2
82
TM dullness
loss of light reflection of the tympanic membrane, usually indicates ear infection
| ears
## Footnote
level 2
83
TM perforation
a hole or break in the tympanic membrane
| ears
## Footnote
level 2
84
boggy mucosa
swollen nasal turbinates
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
85
deviated septum
when the nasal septum is off center, or crooked, sometimes making breathing difficult
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
86
epistaxis
nose bleed
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
87
naris
a nostril (singular), plural form is nares
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
88
rhinorrhea
clear nasal drainage, also referred to as a runny nose
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
89
septal hematoma
a collection of blood within the septum of the nose, usually occurs due to trauma to the nose; septal hematomas are always drained because failure to drain them can lead to avascular necrosis of the septal cartilage
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
90
turbinates
a network of bones, vessels and tissue within the nasal passageways which are responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we breathe
| nose
## Footnote
level 1
91
cobblestoning
a lumpy appearance of the oropharynx
| throat
## Footnote
level 1
92
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
| throat
## Footnote
level 1
93
nasopharynx
the upper part of the pharynx (throat), connecting with the nasal cavity
| throat
## Footnote
level 1
94
oropharynx
portion of the pharynx (throat) which starts at the back of the mouth
| throat
## Footnote
level 1
95
peritonsillar abscess
an abscess, collection of pus, near the tonsil
| throat
## Footnote
level 1
96
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx; usually indicates infection of the throat
| throat
## Footnote
level 1
97
patent airway
an airway which is open and clear
| throat
## Footnote
level 2
98
pharyngeal erythema
redness of the pharynx (throat)
| throat
## Footnote
level 2
99
tonsillar edema
swelling of the tonsils
| throat
## Footnote
level 2
100
tonsillar exudate
white material or pus present on the tonsils; usually indicates pharyngitis or strep throat
| throat
## Footnote
level 2
101
tonsillar hypertrophy
enlarged tonsils
| throat
## Footnote
level 2
102
uvula midline
the uvula is in the normal position in the oropharynx, not shifted or deviated
| throat
## Footnote
level 2
103
halitosis
bad/foul smelling breath
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 1
104
sublingual edema
swelling to the area below the tongue which can indicate Ludwig’s angina, an infection of the floor of the mouth; Ludwig’s angina may lead to difficulty breathing and airway blockage due to the swelling
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 1
105
trismus
inability to open the mouth completely, usually due to stiffness or spasms of the jaw muscles
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 1
106
aphthous ulcer
also called canker sores; small, shallow, lesions that develop inside the mouth
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 2
107
caries
decay of bone or tooth, cavities
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 2
108
edentulous
lacking any teeth
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 2
109
gingival edema
swelling of the gums (gingiva)
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 2
110
thrush
a yeast infection of the tongue and lining of the mouth
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 2
111
cheilosis
dry scaling and fissuring of the lips
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 3
112
malocclusion
abnormal alignment of the upper and lower teeth, concerning for jaw fracture
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 3
113
ptyalism
excess production of saliva
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 3
114
xerostomia
the subjective feeling of oral dryness, dry mouth
| mouth/dental
## Footnote
level 3
115
C-Spine
Cervical spine (neck), C1-C7
| neck
## Footnote
level 1
116
Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)
this is bulging of the external jugular vein which indicates increased blood volume and usually congestive heart failure (CHF)
| neck
## Footnote
level 1
117
nuchal rigidity
impaired neck flexion due to stiffness of neck
| neck
## Footnote
level 1
118
supple
capable of moving and bending without difficulty, not stiff
| neck
## Footnote
level 1
119
lymphadenopathy
enlargement or swelling of lymph nodes
| neck
## Footnote
level 2
120
meningismus
an accumulation of signs and symptoms (e.g. headache and neck stiffness) suggestive of meningitis
| neck
## Footnote
level 2
121
thyromegaly
enlarged thyroid
| neck
## Footnote
level 2
122
trachea midline
the trachea is in the center of the neck and not deviated to one side; deviation to either side would suggest a pneumothorax
| neck
## Footnote
level 2
123
Brudzinkski’s Sign
positive when flexing a patient’s neck forward causes them to flex their hip and knees or it causes them pain; a positive test indicates meningitis.
| neck
## Footnote
level 3
124
carotid bruit
audible sound of turbulent blood flow heard over the carotid artery during auscultation; indicates narrowing of the artery
| neck
## Footnote
level 3
125
Kernig’s Sign
performed by flexing the patient’s hip to 90 degrees then extending their knee; if pain is elicited during the test, the test is positive; a positive test indicates meningitis
| neck
## Footnote
level 3
126
A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation)
irregular beating of the atria; can cause pooling of blood in the heart which can then lead to formation of a blood clot; noted as an irregularly irregular rhythm upon physical exam
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
127
A-flutter (Atrial Flutter)
well organized but overly-rapid beating of the atria
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
128
aneurysm
a localized widening of an artery or vein due to the vessel wall being weakened
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
129
angina
chest pain due to ischemia (lack of oxygen) of the heart muscle
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
130
arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
131
artery
blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart to the body
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
132
bradycardia
heart rate which is slower than normal, less than 60 beats per minute for the average adult; physically fit individuals (like runners) may have a resting heart rate which is normally below 60 bpm
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
133
EKG/ECG (Electrocardiogram)
measurement of the electrical activity of the heart
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
134
embolism
obstruction of a blood vessel, typically by a blood clot or air bubble
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
135
hypertension
repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding or equal to a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
136
hypotension
low blood pressure, systolic pressure less than 90 mmHg or a diastolic pressure less than 60 mmHg
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
137
MI (Myocardial Infarction)
death of cardiac muscle due to ischemia (inadequate blood supply to the heart); a heart attack
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
138
murmur
abnormal heart sound which is rated on a scale of 1-6
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
139
palpitations
a feeling or sensation of rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
140
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium, the saclike membrane surrounding the heart
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
141
PVC
premature ventricular contraction, visible on an EKG
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
142
regular rate
heart rate which is between 60 and 100 beats per minute
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
143
regular rhythm
the heart is in Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
144
STEMI
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; a heart attack diagnosed when the EKG shows ST segment elevation
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
145
stent
a small tube which is used to treat narrow or weak arteries; used to treat coronary artery disease
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
146
SVT
Supraventricular Tachycardia; rapid heartbeat which develops due to a malfunction of the electrical system of the heart
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
147
tachycardia
heart rate which is faster than normal, faster than 100 beats per minute
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
148
thrombus
blood clot within a blood vessel which is impeding blood flow
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
149
vein
vessel carrying blood towards the heart
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
150
V-fib (Ventricular fibrillation)
very rapid, uncoordinated fluttering contractions of the ventricles of the heart, requires immediate electrical cardioversion
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 1
151
aortic aneurysm
an enlargement or bulging of the aorta, usually due to weakening of the aortic wall; associated with an increased risk for an aortic dissection
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
152
aortic dissection
condition in which the arterial wall of the aorta splits or tears; can lead to death if not treated immediately; patients usually complain of a tearing sensation/pain in their back
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
153
cardiac catheterization
procedure used to diagnose and treat heart conditions such as narrowed or blocked blood vessels
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
154
claudication
pain caused by too little blood flow, generally affecting the leg during exercise
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
155
cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
156
echocardiogram
ultrasound of the heart, used to examine movement of the heart
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
157
gallop
presence of an extra third or fourth heart sound resembling the sound of a galloping horse
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
158
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
159
NSTEMI
Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, a heart attack not seen on the EKG which is diagnosed by an elevated troponin level in the blood
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
160
PAC
Premature atrial contraction, can be visualized on an EKG
| cardiovascular
## Footnote
level 2
161
accessory muscle use/abdominal breathing
using muscles of the abdomen and shoulder girdle to breath, indicates increased work of breathing and respiratory distress
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
162
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi, typically causes bronchospasm and coughing
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
163
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow; typically caused by smoking.
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
164
croup
infection of the larynx and trachea in children which is usually associated with a barking cough and/or stridor
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
165
dyspnea
shortness of breath, labored or difficult breathing
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
166
hemoptysis
coughing up blood or bloody sputum; could indicate a pulmonary embolism or active TB
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
167
orthopnea
shortness of breath which occurs when lying flat; associated with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
168
pneumothorax
the presences of air or gas within the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
169
pneumonia
infection (infiltrate) in the lung tissue causing lung inflammation, cough, and fever
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
170
PND (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea)
attacks of severe SOB and coughing which occur at night and usually wakens a person from sleep
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
171
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
an obstruction of blood vessels in the lung usually due to a blood clot; risk factors include: recent travel (via plane or long car ride), hormone use (i.e. birth control), h/o of blood clots, recent surgery/trauma
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
172
splinting
reduced inspiratory effort; avoiding deep inspirations due to increased pain with breathing
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
173
sputum
mucous secretion from the lungs which is coughed up
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
174
tachypnea
increased rate of breathing, faster than 20 breaths/minute in an adult
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
175
wheezing
abnormal whistling sound heard when auscultating the lungs; commonly associated with asthma
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 1
176
nasal flaring
outward movement of the nostrils with breathing; indicates increased work of breathing and respiratory distress
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 2
177
pectus excavatum
a condition in which the person’s breastbone is sunken into the chest
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 2
178
rales
abnormal rattling sound heard when auscultating the lungs; also called crackles
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 2
179
retractions
visible sinking of the chest wall during inhalation; indicates increased work of breathing and respiratory distress; medical emergency in pediatric cases
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 2
180
rhonchi
abnormal coarse rattling sound heard when auscultating the lungs
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 2
181
stridor
a harsh vibrating noise heard in the upper airway when breathing; usually a sign of airway blockage
| pulmonary/chest
## Footnote
level 2
182
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually results in surgical removal (cholecystectomy)
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
183
cirrhosis
disease of the liver characterized by irreversible scarring affecting the way the liver functions
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
184
diffuse
not local, generalized
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
185
distended
swollen, enlarged, and bloated, usually due to internal pressure
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
186
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula (small outpouchings) in the colon
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
187
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
188
emesis
vomiting
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
189
guarding
contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall upon palpation
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
190
hematemesis
vomiting blood
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
191
hematochezia
bright red blood in the stool
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
192
hernia
protrusion of a tissue through the wall of the cavity in which the tissue is normally contained
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
193
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
194
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
195
rebound
physical exam finding in which pain is felt after releasing the hand from palpating the abdomen, indicates peritonitis
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
196
rigidity
an abnormally hard/stiff abdomen upon palpation, not soft
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 1
197
CVA tenderness
costovertebral angle tenderness; pain is elicited by percussion of the area of the back overlying the kidney
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
198
hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
199
hyperperistalsis
hyperactive bowel sounds (increased)
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
200
hypoperistalsis
hypoactive bowel sounds (decreased)
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
201
McBurney’s Point
a point in the right lower abdomen, 1/3 of the distance from the anterior iliac crest to the umbilicus, which corresponds to the appendix; tenderness over this spot is concerning for appendicitis
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
202
Murphy’s Sign
a test for gallbladder disease which is considered positive when a patient has pain during inspiration while palpating the RUQ, usually indicates cholecystitis
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
203
Obturator Sign
physical exam finding in which right lower quadrant pain is elicited with internal rotation of the right leg when the knee and hip are flexed at 90 degrees. Indicates appendicitis
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
204
organomegaly
enlarged organ
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
205
Peritoneal Signs
rebound, guarding; indicates peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal cavity)
206
Psoas Sign
physical exam finding in which right lower abd pain is induced by extension of the right hip; indicates appendicitis
207
Rovsing’s Sign
physical exam finding in which pressure on the left lower abdomen causes pain in the right lower abdomen; indicates appendicitis
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
208
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
209
tympany
a low pitched resonant sound made when percussing the abdomen
| abdominal/gastrointestinal
## Footnote
level 2
210
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation which typically involves abdominal cramping
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
211
dyspareunia
painful or difficult sexual intercourse
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
212
dysuria
pain or burning with urination
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
213
ectopic pregnancy
a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube; ectopic pregnancies are dangerous due to risk of rupture and usually require surgery
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
214
epididymitis
an inflammation of the small, coiled, tube at the back of the testicle (epididymis)
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
215
frequency
urinating more often than usual
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
216
hematuria
blood in urine
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
217
hemorrhoid
swollen veins in the anus or rectum
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
218
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
219
impotence
the inability to achieve or maintain an erection long enough to engage in sexual intercourse, also called erectile dysfunction
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
220
nocturia
excessive urinating during the night
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
221
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
inflammation of the female genital tract
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
222
polyuria
producing large volumes of urine
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
223
testicular torsion
the twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testicles
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
224
urinary incontinence
unintentional loss of urine; inability to hold urine in the bladder
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
225
urinary retention
the inability to urinate
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
226
urgency
sudden compelling urge to urinate
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
227
vasectomy
surgical procedure for male sterilization in which the male vas deferens are severed then tied
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 1
228
adnexal tenderness
tenderness of the ovaries palpated on pelvic exam which usually indicates ovarian cyst
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
229
Cervical Os
the opening in the center of the cervix which is closed except when tissue is being passed through the cervix
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
230
cervical motion tenderness
palpated on pelvic exam by moving the cervix, usually suggests Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
231
endometriosis
condition resulting from the appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; causes pain
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
232
gravid
the state of being pregnant
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
233
Gravida, Para, Abortus (G,P,A)
Gravida = # of total pregnancies. Para = # births (carried beyond 20 weeks)
Abortus = # of terminated pregnancies whether induced or spontaneous.
A female who is currently pregnant, has been pregnant 3 times previously and has 2 children at home would have a G4, P2, A1.
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
234
hydronephrosis
swelling/dilation of the kidney due to obstruction of the ureter, usually caused by a kidney stone
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
235
nephrolithiasis
condition marked by the presences of kidney stones
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
236
oophorectomy
surgical removal of one or both of the ovaries
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
237
ovarian torsion
twisting of the ovary to such a degree the ovarian artery or vein becomes obstructed
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
238
phimosis
tightening/narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
239
pyelonephritis
inflammation/infection of the kidneys
| genitourinary (GU)
## Footnote
level 2
240
arthralgia
joint pain
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
241
Boxer’s Fracture
fracture of the 5th or 4th metacarpal bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
242
deformity
visual abnormality of a bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
243
dislocation
displacement of a bone from a joint, misalignment of the joint
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
244
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot (thrombus) within a deep vein, usually within the lower leg
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
245
edema
swelling caused by excess fluid collection
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
246
gout
form of arthritis (joint inflammation) caused by formation of uric acid crystals
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
247
joint
junction or union of two or more bones
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
248
ligament
a tough band of tissue connecting bones together
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
249
myalgia
muscle pain
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
250
ROM
Range of Motion, the full movement potential of a joint
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
251
sciatica
pain radiating from the lower back down one or both legs, caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve; a form of radiculopathy
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 1
252
Anterior/Posterior Drawer Test
a physical examination used to test the stability of the knee’s ACL and PCL
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
253
arthritis
painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
254
calf tenderness
tenderness when palpating the calf, may indicate a DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
255
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage which connects a rib to the sternum
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
256
crepitus
the crackling, crunching, or grinding sound or sensation when palpating a body part
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
257
fracture
broken bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
258
malleolus
bony projection on each side of the ankle (lateral or medial)
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
259
osteomyelitis
inflammation or infection of bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
260
paraspinal tenderness
tenderness of the muscles on either side of the spine
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
261
radiculopathy
collection of symptoms produced by a pinched or compressed nerve root
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
262
Snuff Box
a triangular indentation seen on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand (back of the hand on the thumb side) when the thumb is extended; tenderness over this area indicates likely scaphoid fracture even if a fracture is not visualized on xray
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
263
step-offs
deformity/misalignment of the spine felt on palpation, indicates spinal fracture
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
264
Straight Leg Raise (SLR)
positive when pain is elicited when the provider lifts the patient’s leg above the horizontal level while the patient is laying on their back; usually indicates sciatica or herniated disc
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
265
Varus and Valgus Stress Test
applying stress to the lateral or medial aspect of the knee to assess damage in the MCL and LCL
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 2
266
avulsion fracture
fracture which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
267
clubbing
swelling of the soft tissue of the distal portion of the fingers and toes causing nail changes, usually associated with lung disease
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
268
comminuted fracture
break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
269
compound fracture
a fracture in which the bone pierces the skin; an open fracture, results in an increased risk of infection
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
270
impacted fracture
fracture in which a broken bone is wedged into another bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
271
spiral fracture
fracture which occurs when a rotating force is applied to the bone, the line of the fracture appears helical
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
272
subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
273
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon sheath, usually seen in the hands and wrists
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
274
transverse fracture
a break in the bone which runs perpendicularly across the bone
| musculoskeletal
## Footnote
level 3
275
abrasion/excoriation
scraping or rubbing away of the upper layer of the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
276
abscess
an accumulation of pus underneath the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
277
cyanosis
the bluish discoloration of the skin, caused by lack of oxygen to that area
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
278
diaphoresis
sweating
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
279
ecchymosis
bruising; the escape of blood into tissues
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
280
erythema
abnormal redness of the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
281
Herpes Simplex
viral skin disease caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV); type 1 is oral herpes which causes typically cold sores around the mouth and lip; type 2 is genital herpes which typically causes sores around the genitals or rectum
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
282
Herpes Zoster
shingles; painful, localized, blistering skin rash
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
283
laceration
a cut or linear wound of the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
284
pallor
pale color of the skin; paleness
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
285
pitting edema
swelling which retains an impression when touched
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
286
pruritic
itchy
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
287
psoriasis
chronic disease characterized by dry, red patches of skin covered in white/silvery scales
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
288
purulent
pertaining to pus, containing pus or pus-like
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
289
tenting
the skin is slow to return to its normal position after being pinched, indicates dehydration
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 1
290
dehiscence
splitting apart or separation of the skin, usually along suture lines
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
291
fluctuance
palpable fluid underneath the skin which usually indicates pus collection
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
292
hematoma
localized swelling filled with blood, resulting from ruptured blood vessels
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
293
hyperpigmentation
lhe darkening of an area of skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
294
induration
hardened area of soft tissue
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
295
lymphangitis
inflammation of the lymphatic vessels which usually appears as red streaking on the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
296
macular
flat, red spots on the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
297
maculopapular rash
a rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin covered with small, confluent bumps
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
298
papular
small, raised bumps
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
299
serosanguinous
containing both blood and serum
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
300
subungual
beneath the nail
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
301
urticaria
hives; a red, raised, pruritic rash which is usually a sign of an allergic reaction; also called wheals
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 2
302
vesicles
small, fluid filled blister
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
levcel 2
303
macerated
softening of the skin or tissue due to being wet for a prolonged period
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 3
304
petechiae
pinpoint, flat, round rash which is red or purple in color; does not blanch (lighten) when pressure is applied; caused by ruptured capillaries underneath the skin
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 3
305
purpura
similar to petechial except larger in size, not pinpoint
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 3
306
turgor
the degree of elasticity of the skin; poor skin turgor indicates dehydration
| skin, hair, nails
## Footnote
level 3
307
aphasia
impairment of language affecting the production or comprehension of speech due to injury to the brain
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
308
ataxia
loss of full control of bodily movements; loss of coordination
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
309
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
stroke; damage to the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by hemorrhage or ischemia (occlusion of a vessel or blood clot)
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
310
dizziness
sensation of unsteadiness; a feeling of movement within the head or as if your surroundings are spinning
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
311
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
312
dysphasia
difficulty generating or understanding language
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
313
Grand Mal Seizure
form of epilepsy characterized by tonic-clonic seizures, consists of loss of consciousness and convulsions
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
314
hemiparesis
weakness of one side of the body
315
hemiplegia
complete paralysis of one side of the body
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
316
lightheadedness
feeling faint or near syncope
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
317
neuralgia
intense, sharp pain along the course of a nerve
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
318
orientation
awareness of one’s environment, specifically person, place, time, and situation
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
319
paresthesia
abnormal sensation such as numbness, tingling, or burning
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
320
postictal
the altered state of consciousness after a seizure
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
321
pronator drift
test performed on the physical exam in which the patient is asked to hold both arms extended out in front of them at shoulder level with palms upward, eyes closed; if either arm involuntarily moves or drifts, the test is positive
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
322
seizure
uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain which may produce physical signs such as convulsions
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
323
status epilepticus
continuous seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or repetitive seizures without regaining consciousness in between
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
324
syncope
loss of consciousness (LOC); passing out
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
325
tonic clonic
grand mal seizure
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
326
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
mini-stroke; a neurological event, generally ischemic in nature, with signs and symptoms of a stroke which resolve within a short period of time
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
327
vasovagal episode
symptoms of pallor, nausea, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension and at times, syncope, may be invoked by emotional stress associated with fear or pain
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
328
vertigo
sensation of the room spinning and loss of balance
| neurological
## Footnote
level 1
329
Babinski Sign
occurs when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked causing the big toe to move upwards and the other toes to fan outward; normal sign in infants but suggests brain abnormality if positive in adults
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
330
Bell’s Palsy
in most cases, a temporary paralysis of the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) causing drooping and muscular weakness to one side of the face
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
331
clonus
involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
332
Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)
test in which the tendon is tapped to determine the integrity of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system responsible for the reflex
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
333
Finger-Nose-Finger
test in which the patient is asked to touch their nose with their index finger then touch the provider’s index finger, then touch their nose again; assesses cerebellar function
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
334
nystagmus
rapid, involuntary movements of the eyes
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
335
Romberg’s Sign
a simple test that assesses balance
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
336
saddle anesthesia
loss of sensation confined to the area of the perineum, buttocks, and inner aspect of the thighs
| neurological
## Footnote
level 2
337
affect
the emotional tone a person expresses
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
338
anxiety reaction
a reaction to a feared situation or object; anxiety attack
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
339
auditory hallucinations
hearing sounds or voices which are not real
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
340
depressed
persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
341
flat affect
a severe reduction in emotional expressiveness; monotone; unemotional
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
342
homicidal ideation
thoughts of harming or killing another person
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
343
insomnia
sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
344
pressured speech
tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
345
suicidal ideation
thoughts of harming or killing oneself
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
346
tangential thoughts
train of thought of the speaker wanders with lack of focus or logical progressions
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
347
visual hallucinations
seeing people or things which do not actually exist
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
348
withdrawn
not interested or participatory
| psychiatric
## Footnote
level 1
349
abduction
the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
| kinesiology
350
adduction
the movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
| kinesiology
351
ambulatory
able to walk or move about
| kinesiology
352
anterior (ventral)
toward the front of the body, opposite of posterior
| kinesiology
353
axilla
the armpit
| kinesiology
354
cervical
of or pertaining to the neck or cervix of the uterus
| kinesiology
355
deep
farther from the surface
| kinesiology
356
diffuse
spread out over a large area
| kinesiology
357
distal
situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment
| kinesiology
358
dorsiflexion
backward flexion, flexion of the foot in an upward direction
| kinesiology
359
extension
straightening out of a joint, increasing the angle between the bones of a limb at the joint
| kinesiology
360
external
outside
| kinesiology
361
flexion
bending or movement around a joint that decreases the angle between the bones of a limb at the joint
| kinesiology
362
inferior
situated lower, closer to the feet; opposite of superior
| kinesiology
363
inverted
turned inward
| kinesiology
364
lateral
farther from the middle or center of the body, opposite of medial
| kinesiology
365
medial
closer to the middle or center of the body, opposite of lateral
| kinesiology
366
midline
line which divides the body into left and right halves
| kinesiology
367
palmar or volar
referring to the palm side of the hand or body
| kinesiology
368
plantar
the bottom or sole of the foot
| kinesiology
369
posterior or dorsal
toward the back or rear of the body, opposite of anterior
| kinesiology
370
pronation
rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards
| kinesiology
371
prone
lying face down with forearms and hands turned palm side down
| kinesiology
372
proximal
situated nearer to the center of the body or point of attachment, opposite of distal
| kinesiology
373
superficial
nearer to the surface
| kinesiology
374
superior
situated higher, closer to the head; opposite of inferior
| kinesiology
375
supination
rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palm faces forward or upwards
| kinesiology
376
supine
lying face up, opposite of prone
| kinesiology
