Med Term 11 and 12 Important Stuff Flashcards
abnormal heart rhythms
arrhythmias
arrhythmias that are the failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle
bradycardia and heart block
arrhythmias that are rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
flutter
arrhythmias that are very rapid, random, ineffecient, and irregular contractions of the heart
fibrillation
how many beats or more per minute is fibrillation
350
abnormalities in the heart at birth
congenital heart disease
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
congestive heart failure
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
coronary artery disease
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
murmur
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart (pericardium)
pericarditis
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
local widening of an arterial wall
aneurysm
high blood pressure
hypertension
blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs
peripheral arterial disease
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
raynaud disease
abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
varicose veins
measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
lipid tests (lipid profile)
lipoprotein electrophoresis
lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
cardiac biomarkers
x ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
angiography
sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels
doppler ultrasound studies
echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
echocardiography
thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
cardiac catheterization
recording of electricity flowing through the heart
electrocardiography
arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
coronary artery bypass grafting
brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias
defibrillation
surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
endarterectomy
continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the cardiovascular system for at least 24 hours
holter monitoring
balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place
percutaneous coronary intervention
drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
thrombolytic therapy
is a test used in medicine and cardiology to measure the heart’s ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment.
stress test
chf means
congestive heart failure
cad means
coronary artery disease
echo means
echocardiography
ecg/ekg means
electrocardiography
cabg means
coronary artery bypass surgery
pci means
percutaneous coronary intervention
tpa means
thrombolytic therapy
ccu means
coronary care unit
cv means
cardiovascular
dvt means
deep vein thrombosis
mi means
myocardial infarction
pvc means
premature ventricular contraction
listening to sounds within the body
auscultation
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying surface
percussion
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli
rales
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
wheezes
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor
croup
chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
asthma
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
bronchiectasis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
chronic bronchitis
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
cystic fibrosis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
atelectasis
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
pneumonia
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary edema
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
pulmonary embolism
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
mesothelioma
collection of air in the pleural space
pneumothorax
radiographic image of the thoracic cavity
chest x ray
detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas
ventilation-perfusion scan
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
bronchoscopy
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
endotracheal intubation
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs
pulmonary function tests
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
thoracentesis
large surgical incision of the chest
thoracotomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
tracheostomy
afb means
acid-fast bacillus (causes tuberculosis)
pe means
pulmonary embolism
v/q scan means
ventilation-perfusion scan
ards means
acute respiratory distress syndrome
copd means
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
cpr means
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
ctpa means
computed tomography pulmonary angiography
cxr means
chest x ray
dpt means
diptheria, pertussis, tetanus
icu means
intensive care unit
PaCO2 means
carbon dioxide partial pressure
PaO2 means
oxygen partial pressure
pcp means
pneumocystis pneumonia
pft means
pulmonary function tests
rds means
respiratory distress syndrome
uri means
upper respiratory infection
sob means
shortness of breath
