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Med surge 2 and Professional something > Med surge exam > Flashcards

Med surge exam Flashcards

1
Q

who is at the highest risk for systemic lupus

A

Africans American females

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2
Q

s/s systemic lupus

A

butterfly rash

low grade fever

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3
Q

what are some common symptoms of immune disorders

A

joint pain
low grade fever
fatigue

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4
Q

what is the leading cause of death with

A

kidney disease

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5
Q

pt. education for a pt. with lupus

A 
anything above 30 spf
stay away from raw fruits or vegetables 
rest periods 
exacerbations or remission
s/s of renal function 
coca cola frothy urine
pain in the lower back
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6
Q

what causes exacerbations of lupus

A

medications

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7
Q

anaphylaxis breathing symptoms

A

stridor
wheezing
SOB
EPINEPHERINE in a muscle

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8
Q

what kind of reaction is Hives?

A

regular reaction

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9
Q

early signs of anaphylaxis

A

angioedema

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10
Q

what jewelry should a severely allergic pt. have?

A

medical ID bracelet

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11
Q

Serum sickness

A 
type 3 sensitivity 
penicillin and sulfa 
weeks later (7 days to 3 weeks) 
tissue damage 
necrosis
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12
Q

who is at risk for serum sickness?

A

pt. who had penicillin or sulfa in the last few weeks

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13
Q

pernicious anemia

A

low b12
pale
weak/tired
beefy tongue (glossitis)

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14
Q

care plan for pernicious anemia

A

rest periods

infusions of b12

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15
Q

what is hemolytic anemia? What are its manifestations?

A 
red blood cells break down.
weak/tired
jaundice
SOB
tachycardia
hypertension
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16
Q

hemolytic anemia treatment

A

blood transfusions
rest periods
assist with walking/ADL

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17
Q

labs for hemolytic anemia

A

low hemoglobin
low hematocrit
RBC low

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18
Q

Angioedema

A

swelling of the tissues
confusion/agitation/ restlessness
monitor airway
antihistamines/Benadryl if airway is not obstructed

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19
Q

with older adults advocate for…?

A

flu
shingles
pneumonia

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20
Q

controlling allergies

A 
wear a mask when mowing the grass
take a antihistamine before going out
filter in house
hardwood over rugs
blinds over curtains
AC over windows open
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21
Q

allergy treatments

A

antihistamines
normal saline for the nose
(flomax has a steroid component)

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22
Q

common allergies

A 
hay fever
antibiotics (what happens?)
latex
peanuts
pets
23
Q

what is elevated when you have an allergic reaction?

A

IGE

24
Q

education for transplant pt.

A

no well water
oral hygiene
take all medications fpr the rest of their life

25
Q

HIV affects what cells?

A

T cells

CD4

26
Q

when is aids diagnosed

A 
t cell count is less than 200 
develop a opportunistic infection 
pcp pneumonia
candiias albacan  ( nistatin and antiseptic mouthwash)
soft diet 
cool liquids
nothing spicy
aids wasting syndrome( 10% of the body weight is lost)
GI upset
chronic diarrhea
fatigue malasorption
malnutrition
high density protein
small frequent meals 
educate healthy body right at diagnosis
27
Q

what does thrush look like?

A

a white patch

28
Q

HIV cognitive disorder affects

A 
central nervous system 
unsteady gait
confusion
peripheral neuropathy
hallucinations
29
Q

What is ART?

A

antiretroviral therapy
a lot of medications
same time every day

30
Q

How does ART work?

A

it attacks Hiv at different stages

31
Q

How do you monitor if ART is working?

A

viral load
monitor monthly
40 copies per militer is undetectable
cannot be passed on at this point

32
Q

how can HIV be spread?

A

unprotected sex
mother to baby
IV drug use/transfusions
breastfeeding

33
Q

how to prevent HIV spread from blood transfusion?

A

autologous blood transfusion

34
Q

for two weeks

A

you can spread HIV

35
Q

what is the timeframe for antibody formation of HIV ?

A

it can take up to 3 months

36
Q

if exposed at work to HIV. What should you do?

A

use soap and water at the site
mucous memebrane just use water
then report
PREP(trevada)

37
Q

PREP is for

A

high risk behavior or exposure

38
Q

PREP education

A

same time every day

39
Q

how do you monitor the progression of HIV?

A

T CELLS

CD4

40
Q

How do you prevent the spread of HIV

A 
abstinence
safe sex
clean needle exchange programs 
autologus blood transfusions
dental dam
41
Q

early s/s of HIV

A

fatigue
aches
fever

42
Q

s/s of aids

A

t-cell count below 200

opportunistic infections

43
Q

Ziagan

A

flu-ike symptoms

44
Q

epirire

A 
low urine output
liver enlarge 
increase 
jaundice 
pain in right lower quadrant 
peripheral neuropathy
45
Q

T cells

A

Arises in red bone marrow
Passes through thymus for maturation
Then travel to spleen, lymph nodes and nodules
Perform a direct attack

46
Q

Found throughout the body

Produce quick response

Destroy foreign cells, tumors, infected cells

A

natural killer cells

47
Q

Arise in red bone marrow

Mature in bone marrow and migrate directly to lymphatic tissue

Differentiate into plasma cells that release antibodies for an indirect approach

A

B cells

48
Q

what are antibodies that do not destroy antigens?

A

immunoglobulin

49
Q

IGG

A

Blood, lymph, extracellular fluid
Provides long term immunity after a vaccination or illness recovery
(Crosses placenta and provides passive immunity in newborns)

50
Q

IGA

A

External secretions
Found in secretions of all mucous membranes
(Provides passive immunity for breast fed infants)

51
Q

in blood and lymph and

produced first during an infection

A

IGM

52
Q

what is in B cells and are antigen specific receptors on B lymphocytes

A

IGD

53
Q

IGE

A

in mast cells or basophils
important in allergic reactions
mast cells release histamine

Med surge 2 and Professional something (7 decks)

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