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Adults 1 > Med-Surg Nursing > Flashcards

Med-Surg Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

roles in med-surg nursing

A

direct patient care, education, advocacy, leadership

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2
Q

components of comprehensive assessment

A

functional capacity assessment, physical assessment, nutritional assessment, cultural assessment

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3
Q

functional capacity assessment

A

evaluation to determine pt ability to function in various areas to guide treatment and care

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4
Q

physical assessment

A

evaluating strength, endurance, ROM

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5
Q

mental/emotional evaluation

A

assessing cognitive and emotional well-being

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6
Q

nutritional assessment

A

composed of dietary history (intake, preferences, restrictions), anthropometrics (BMI, weight, height), biochemical analysis (lab results), clinical signs (malnutrition or overnutrition)

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7
Q

nursing interventions: nutritional assessment

A

educate pt on healthy dietary choices, collaborate with dieticians

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8
Q

cultural assessment

A

assess communication preferences and nonverbal cues, assess health beliefs and practices, assess nutritional practices (restrictions and dietary customs), assess family roles and social support (decision making)

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9
Q

nursing interventions: cultural assessment

A

show respect and sensitivity to differences, use interpreters, use culturally appropriate educational materials

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10
Q

disability

A

physical or mental condition that limits a persons movement, senses, or activities

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11
Q

chronic illness

A

long lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured

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12
Q

physical impact

A

might affect the physical well-being and daily activities of individuals (limited mobility, chronic pain, fatigue)

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13
Q

emotional/mental impact

A

coping, stress of long-term management, emotional toll of living with a chronic condition or disability

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14
Q

role of nursing is to

A

assess, manage, and advocate and support patients

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15
Q

steps of clinical judgment

A

noticing by recognizing cues and gathering data, interpreting the data, responding by implementation of nursing actions, reflecting on the outcomes for future improvement

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16
Q

physiological changes in older adults

A

decreased organ function and reserve, changes in skin elasticity and bone density, altered pharmacokinetics affecting metabolism and sensitivity

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17
Q

nursing interventions for physiological changes in older adults

A

monitoring for signs/complications, adjusting care plans to account for slower healing and reduced mobility, educating pt on fall risk and skin care

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18
Q

visual changes in older adults

A

cataracts: clouding of the lense, macular degeneration: deterioration of the central portion of the retina (affects detailed vision), glaucoma: increased intraocular pressure causing optic nerve damage and vision loss

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19
Q

nursing interventions: older adult visual changes

A

ensure adequate lighting, assistive magnifiers, schedule regular eye exams and monitor for changes in vision, educate pt on symptoms that require immediate medical attention

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20
Q

auditory changes in older adults

A

presbycusis: age related hearing loss (usually to high frequency), tinnitus: ringing/buzzing in ears, earwax accumulation

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21
Q

nursing interventions: hearing loss in older adults

A

regular hearing checks and cleanings, use of low-pitched clear speech (no shouting), encourage use of hearing aids

22
Q

normal cognitive changes in older adults

A

slower processing speed, mild short-term memory changes, decreased multitasking ability

23
Q

mild cognitive impairment in older adults

A

in between normal and dementia related cognitive impairment; greater memory problems but maintains ability to perform most daily tasks

24
Q

nursing interventions: mild cognitive impairment in older adults

A

encourage regular cognitive exercises and social engagement, monitor progression and involve healthcare providers when needed

25
Q

dementia

A

broad term for decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life (alzhemeirs is most common type)

26
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

characterized by decline in memory, language, problem-solving

27
Q

nursing interventions: dementia and alzheimers

A

provide structured environment, use clear communication and visual cues, support families/caregivers with education/resources

28
Q

delirium

A

acute sudden change in mental status with confusion, inattention, and fluctuating levels (often reversible)

29
Q

causes for delirium

A

infections, medications, surgery, stressors

30
Q

nursing interventions: delirium

A

identify/treat underlying cause, maintain calm comfortable environment, reorient often, provide clear information for pt

31
Q

mental health in elderly

A

increased depression/anxiety, isolation/loneliness risk, dementia/alzheimer’s

32
Q

nursing interventions: mental health elderly

A

regular screening for mental health issues, facilitate social interactions/community engagement, collab with mental health pros

33
Q

perioperative nursing

A

preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative; requires thorough assessment and monitoring

34
Q

perioperative detailed medical history consists of

A

chronic conditions, meds, allergies, previous surgeries or reactions to anesthesia, pertinent family history

35
Q

conditions causing high surgical risk

A

cardiovascular diseases (HTN, HF, arrhythmias), respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma), diabetes mellitus, renal impairment (affects drug clearance and wound healing), liver disease (alters metabolism or drugs and impacts clotting)

36
Q

medications of concern

A

anticoagulants (bleeding precautions), antiplatelet (bleeding precautions), diabetic medications (peri-op hypo or hyperglycemia), antihypertensives, herbal supplements

37
Q

psychosocial assessment

A

confirm pts understanding and expectations of procedure, discuss pt anxiety and fears of procedure, identify pt support system, acknowledge cultural and spiritual considerations

38
Q

routine diagnostic testing and labs

A

cbc, electrolytes, coagulation profile, blood typing/screening

39
Q

specific assessment diagnostic testing and labs

A

EKG, chest Xray

40
Q

risk for infection

A

identify factors that may increase infection risk such as diabetes of immunosuppression

41
Q

venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk

A

assess history of clots, mobility status, and other risk factors

42
Q

anesthesia risk

A

identify any factors that may complicate anesthesia such as OSA or difficult airway

43
Q

surgical consent components

A

disclosure: explanation of the procedure, alternatives, risks, benefits, potential outcomes; capacity: pt ability to understand the information and make a decision; voluntariness: pt right to make a decision free from coercion

44
Q

nurse role in consent process

A

clarify medical jargon and reiterate key points provided by surgeon, ensure pt questions are answered, confirm pt understands information and is voluntarily giving consent, sign as a witness signature

45
Q

pre-op checklist

A

ID bracelet, allergy bracelet, verify nutrition and IV status, pre-op checklist complete, appropriate forms completed, PMH, PE, remove accessories/make-up, identify surgical site, admin meds

46
Q

intraoperative care

A

aseptic technique: prevent infection by maintaining sterile environment, pt monitoring: continuously monitor vital signs fluid balance and anesthesia effects

47
Q

post-operative care

A

promote recovery, prevent complications, ensure safe transition from surgical unit; monitor vitals; monitor pain; monitor incision

48
Q

post-op nursing interventions

A

encourage deep breathing, coughing, early mobilization to prevent complications; educate pt and family about potential complications and care instructions

49
Q

peri-operative complications

A

surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections at or near surgical site, venous thromboembolism (VTE) are blood clots that can develop and potentially travel to the lungs, anesthesia reactions are unexpected reactions to anesthesia like allergies or respiratory issues

50
Q

geriatric considerations

A

low cardiac and respiratory reserves, decreased GI motility, neurological delirium post-op, decreased organ function (hepatic/renal), decreased SC fat, fragile skin (more susceptible to temp changes)

51
Q

pain management

A

pharmacological interventions: use of analgesics and monitoring for side effects, non-pharmacological interventions: using techniques like ice, elevation, distraction, relaxation

52
Q

discharge planning

A

begins on admission, instructions on home care (wound care/activity restrictions/med management), follow up appts

Adults 1 (10 decks)

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