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med surg > med surg lecture 2 > Flashcards

med surg lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUSE SYSTEM

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN CELL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM?

A

NEURON

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3
Q

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF:

A

BRAIN
SPINAL CORD

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4
Q

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTAINS:

A

NERVES OUTSIDE THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
INCLUDES THE AUTONONMIC SYSTEM

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5
Q

THREE TYPES OF NEURONS FOUND IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

AFFERENT
INTERNEURON
EFFERENT

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6
Q

THE AFFERENT NEURON IS RELATED TO:

A

SENSORY

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7
Q

THE INTERNEURON IS RELATED TO:

A

RELAY

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8
Q

THE EFFERENT NEURON IS RELATED TO:

A

MOTOR

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9
Q

AFFECT OR SENSE

A

AFFERENT NEURON

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10
Q

EFFECT OR ACTION

A

EFFERENT

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11
Q

NEURON THAT COLLECTS DATA

A

SENSORY

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12
Q

NEURON THAT INTERPRETS DATA

A

INTERNEURON

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13
Q

NEURON THAT RESPONDS TO DATA

A

MOTOR

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14
Q

HOW MANY SPINAL NERVES ARE THERE?

A

31 PAIRS

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15
Q

HOW MANY PAIRS OF CERVICAL NERVES ARE THERE?

A

8

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16
Q

HOW MANY THORACIC NERVES ARE THERE?

A

12

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17
Q

HOW MANY LUMBAR NERVES ARE THERE?

A

5

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18
Q

HOW MANY SACRAL NERVES ARE THERE?

A

5

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19
Q

HOW MANY PAIRS OF COCCYGEAL NERVES ARE THERE?

A

1

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20
Q

THE LARGEST PORTION OF THE BRAIN?

A

CEREBRUM

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21
Q

SURFACE OF THE BRAIN MARKED BY THICK RIDGES

A

GYRI

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22
Q

SHALLOW GROOVES OF THE BRAIN THAT DIVIDE THE GYRI

A

SULCI

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23
Q

DEEP SULCI ARE CALLED

A

FISSURES

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24
Q

SITS BETWEEN THE CEREBRUM AND THE MIDBRAIN

A

DIENCEPHALON

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25
Q

THE SECOND LARGEST REGION OF THE BRAIN

A

CEREBELLUM

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26
Q

PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONSISTS OF THE MIDBRAIN, PONS, MEDULLA OBLONGATA

A

BRAINSTEM

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27
Q

WHAT CONNECTS THE TWO HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN?

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

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28
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR LOBES OF THE BRAIN CALLED

A

FRONTAL
PARIETAL
OCCIPITAL
TEMPORAL

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29
Q

WHAT DOES THE FRONTAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN AFFECT?

A

PERSONALITY

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30
Q

WHAT DOES THE TEMPORAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN AFFECT?

A

HEARING AND SMELL

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31
Q

WHAT DOES THE PARIETAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN AFFECT?

A

TASTE

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32
Q

WHAT DOES THE OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN AFFECT?

A

VISION

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33
Q

WHAT RELAYS SENSORY INFORMATION BETWEEN BRAIN REGIONS?

A

DIENCEPHALON

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34
Q

WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE DIENCEPHALON?

A

THALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY GLAND

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35
Q

COORDINATES MOVEMENTS, CONTROLS POSUTRE, BALANCE AND FINE MOTOR MOVEMENTS, INVOLVED IN MOTOR LEARNING

A

CEREBELLUM

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36
Q

IF A PATIENT HAS AN INJURY TO THE CEREBELLUM WHAT ARE THEY AT AN INCREASED RISK FOR?

A

FALLS

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37
Q

REGULATES HEART RATE, BREATHING, BLOOD PRESSURE, SWALLOWING, REFLEXES

A

BRAIN STEM

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38
Q

3 LAYERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COVER THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

A

MENINGES

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39
Q

LOCATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FORMATION, 2 LATERAL AND 2 MIDLINE

A

VENTRICLES

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40
Q

PERMITS EXCHANGE OF NUTRIENTS/WASTE BETWEEN BLOOD AND NEURONS AND IS A CUSHION/SHOCK ABSORBER

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

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41
Q

HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE THERE?

A

12 PAIRS

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42
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO DIVISIONS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATHETIC

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43
Q

FIGHT OR FLIGHT

A

SYMPATHETIC

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44
Q

REST AND DIGEST

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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45
Q

THE SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS THE BODY TO DO THINGS WITHOUT BEING TOLD WHAT TO DO

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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46
Q

CHEMICALS THAT INITIATE THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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47
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

EPINEPHRINE
NOREPINEPHRINE

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48
Q

PROMOTES NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF ORGAN SYSTEMS

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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49
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTER OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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50
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE HEART RATE WILL INCREASE

A

SYMPATHETIC

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51
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASES

A

SYMPATHETIC

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52
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE HEART RATE SLOWS TO BASELINE

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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53
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE DILATES TO IMPROVE OXYGENATION

A

SYMPATHETIC

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54
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE INCREASED GAS SECRETION

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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55
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE BLADDER EMPTIES

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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56
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE PUPILS DILATE TO ENHANCE VISUAL ACTIVITY

A

SYMPATHETIC

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57
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE STORED ENERGY IS CONVERTED TO GLUCOSE FOR BRAIN AND MUSCLES

A

SYMPATHETIC

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58
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE BOWELS EMPTY

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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59
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CONSTRICTS TO BASELINE

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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60
Q

WHEN THIS SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED THE PUPILS WILL CONSTRICT TO FOCUS THE EYE FOR NEAR VISION

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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61
Q

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN A NEURO ASSESSMENT

A

LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS/ORIENTATION
VITAL SIGNS
PUPILS
STRENGTH/MOVEMENT
SENSATION

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62
Q

DECORTICATE POSTURING

A

ABNORMAL FLEXION BOTH EXTREMETIES COME UP TO THE CORE, LEGS EXTEND INAPPROPRIATELY

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63
Q

DECEREBRATE POSTURING

A

ABNORMAL EXTENSION – EXTEND INAPPROPRIATELY AND TURN PALMS OUTWARDS AND TOES POINT OUTWARDS

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64
Q

GLASGOW COMA SCALE IS USED TO ASSESS WHAT

A

LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

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65
Q

WHAT IS ASSESSED WHEN USING GLASGOW COMA SCALE?

A

EYE OPENING RESPONSE
BEST VERBAL RESPONSE
BEST MOTOR RESPONSE

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66
Q

BEST SCORE ON GLASGOW COMA SCALE

A

15

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67
Q

LOWEST SCORE ON GLASGOW COMA SCLAE

A

3

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68
Q

WHEN A PATIENT HAS A SCORE OF 8 OR LESS WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

A

PT CAN NO LONGER PROTECT THEIR AIRWAY AND YOU HAVE TO INTERVENE
LESS THAN 8 INTUBATE

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69
Q

IF PATIENT HAS AN IMPAIRMENT OF THE CEREBRAL FUNCTION WHAT TYPE OF POSTURING WILL THEY HAVE?

A

DECORTICATE

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70
Q

IF A PERSON HAS DAMAGE TO THE BRAINSTEM WHAT TYPE OF POSTURING WILL THEY HAVE?

A

DECEREBRATE

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71
Q

WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN PUPILS ARE UNEQUAL IN SIZE?

A

ANISOCORIA

72
Q

WHAT CAN CAUSE ANISOCORIA?

A

PRESSURE IN THE BRAIN

73
Q

WHAT IS INVOLUNTARY EYE MOVEMENT CALLED?

A

NYSTAGMUS

74
Q

abnormal sensation (burning, tingling, pins and needles) (NERVE INVOLVEMENT WOULD BE ABNORMAL FINDING)

A

PARESTHESIA

75
Q

POOR BALANCE (STUMBLING, STAGGERING GATE)

A

ATAXIA

76
Q

SLURRED SPEECH SEEN WITH STROKES IS CALLED

A

DYSARTHRIA

77
Q

DIFFICULTY WITH SPEECH IS CALLED

A

DYSPHASIA

78
Q

ABSENCE OF SPEECH IS CALLED

A

APHASIA

79
Q

WHAT ARE THINGS YOU CAN DO TO COMMUNICATE WITH PATIENT IF THEY HAVE DIFFICULTY WITH COMMUNICATION?

A

YES AND NO QUESTIONS
PICTURE BOARDS
PEN AND PAPER
SQUEEZE HAND/BLINK FOR YES OR NO
BE PATIENT

80
Q

WHEN ASSISTING IN ADLs WHAT CAN WE DO AS NURSES FOR PATIENTS?

A

ENCOURAGE INDEPENDENCE
MAINTAIN ROUTINE

81
Q

DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING CAN CAUSE ASPIRATION

A

DYSPHAGIA

82
Q

THERAPEUTIC MEASURES WITH NUTRITION WHEN TROUBLE EATING?

A

EVALUATE SWALLOWING
ELEVATE HEAD OF BED WITH MEALS
DONT LEAVE PT DURING MEAL TIMES
THICKEN LIQUIDS, HIGH CALORIC FOOD, SMALL AND FREQUENT SNACKS OR MEALS

83
Q

ALWAYS PLACE A PATIENT IN WHAT KIND OF POSITION?

A

FUNCTIONAL POSITION

84
Q

PERMANENT MUSCLE CONTRACTION FROM LACK OF USE

A

CONTRACTURES

85
Q

WHAT SHOES SHOULD YOU PLACE ON A PATIENT WHO BED BOUND AND WHY?

A

HIGH TOP SHOES TO AVOID FOOT DROP

86
Q

WHAT CAUSES A SEIZURE

A

ABNORMAL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES IN THE BRAIN RELATED TO INSTABILITY OF NEURONAL CELL MEMBRANES

87
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF SEIZURES

A

PARTIAL
GENERALIZED

88
Q

SEIZURES THAT BEGIN ON ONE SIDE OF CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

PARTIAL

89
Q

SEIZURE WHERE BOTH HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN ARE INVOLVED

A

GENERALIZED

90
Q

WHAT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING IS USED TO DETECT A SEIZURE?

A

EEG - ELECTOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

91
Q

WHEN SHOULD AN EEG BE DONE FOR SEIZURE DETECTION?

A

AT THE TIME IT IS HAPPENING

92
Q

WHAT ARE ACQUIRED REASONS FOR EPILEPSY?

A

FEVER
BRAIN BLEED
BRAIN INJURY
BRAIN SWELLING

93
Q

SYMPTOMS OF A SEIZURE WILL WHAT?

A

CORRELATE WITH THE AREA OF THE BRAIN WHERE THE SEIXURE BEGAN

94
Q

SENSATION THAT A SEIZURE IS ABOUT TO OCCUR

A

AURA

95
Q

TYPES OF AURAS

A

VISUAL DISTORTION
ODOR
SOUND

96
Q

IF A PATIENTS SEIZURE BEGINS IN ONE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE IS IS CLASSIFIED AS WHAT TYPE OF SEIZURE?

A

PARTIAL SEIZURE

97
Q

IF SYMPTOMS OCCUR ON OPPSOITE SIDE OF BRAIN AFFECTED IT IS WHAT TYPE OF SEIZURE?

A

PARTIAL

98
Q

REPETATIVE PURPOSELESS BEHAVIORS ARE CALLED

A

AUTOMATISMS

99
Q

AUTOMATISMS, PARESTHESIA, VISUAL DISTURBANCES AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS ARE ALL SYMPTOMS OF WHAT KIND OF SEIZURE?

A

PARTIAL

100
Q

MAINTAINS CONSCIOUSNESS DURING SEIZURE IS CALLED

A

SIMPLE PARTIAL SEIZURE

101
Q

LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS DURING A SEIZURE IS CALLED WHAT

A

COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURE

102
Q

A SEIZURE THAT INVOLVES BOTH CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES?

A

GENERALIZED SEIZURE

103
Q

STARRING OR BREIF SUDDEN LAPSES IN ATTENTION ARE WHAT KIND OF SEIZURES?

A

PETIT MAL ALSO KNOWN AS ABSENCE SEIZURES

104
Q

TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES ARE ALSO CALLED WHAT

A

GRAND MAL

105
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF GRAND MAL/TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES

A

RIGIDITY FOLLOWED BY MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION
USUALLY LOSES CONSCIOUSNESS
PUPILS FIXED AND DILATED
CLENCHED JAW OR BITING
MAY TEMPORARILY STOP BREATHING
INCONTINENCE

106
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO WHEN A PATIENT IS HAVING A SEIZURE?

A

START TIMING
TURN PATIENT ON SIDE
PREVENT INJURY
PAD SIDE RAILS
MONITOR VITALS

107
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU NOT DO WHEN A PATIENT IS HAVING A SEIZURE

A

LEAVE PATIENT
RESTRAIN
ATTEMPT CPR
PUT SOMETHING IN THEIR MOUTH
GIVE THEM FOOD OR WATER

108
Q

WHY DO YOU PUT SOMEONE ON THEIR SIDE DURING A SEIZURE?

A

PREVENT ASPIRATION

109
Q

WHEN WILL YOU CALL 911 DURING A SEIZURE?

A

IF THE SEIZURE LASTS LONGER THAN 5 MINUTES
TROUBLE BREATHING AFTER THE SEIZURE
THE PERSON APPEARS INJURED
THEY ASK FOR MEDICAL HELP

110
Q

WHAT IS THE PERIOD AFTER THE SEIZURE CALLED?

A

POSTICAL PERIOD

111
Q

WHAT IS COMMON IN THE POSTICAL PERIOD seizures

A

DISORIENTATION
MAY REMEMBER WHAT HAPPENED, MAY NOT
HEADACHES
FATIGUE

112
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO FOR THE PATIENT DURING THE POSTICTAL PERIOD?

A

LET THE PATIENT REST

113
Q

WHAT ARE SEIZURE PRECAUTIONS

A

PADDED SIDE RAILS
SUCTION
OXYGEN AND EMERGENCY AIRWAYS
CALL LIGHT

114
Q

IF SURGICAL INTERVENTION IS USED TO PREVENT SEIZURES WHAT IS DONE?

A

RESECTION OF THE AREA OF THE BRAIN AFFECTED BY SEIZURES

115
Q

WHAT ARE FOUR MEDICATIONS USED TO PREVENT SEIZURES?

A

CARBAMAZEPINE (TEGRETOL)
LEVETIRACETAM (KEPPRA)
PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN)
VALPROIC ACID (DEPAKOTE)

116
Q

WHAT DO SEIZURE MEDICATIONS DO?

A

SUPPRESS ABNORMAL DISCHARGE OF NEURONS

117
Q

WHAT ARE TWO COMMON SIDE AFFECTS OF SEIZURE MEDICATIONS

A

DROWSINESS
DEPRESSION

118
Q

WHAT LABS WILL YOU MONITOR WHEN A PATIENT IS ON SEIZURE MEDICATION?

A

LIVER FUNCTION
KIDNEY FUNCTION

119
Q

HOW LONG SHOULD YOU WAIT TO ADMINISTER EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS FOR SEIZURES?

A

5 MINUTES

120
Q

WHY ARE EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS FOR SEIZURES GIVEN?

A

BECAUSE SEIZURES CAN CAUSE RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION AND WE NEED TO PROTECT BRAIN FUNCTION

121
Q

WHAT ARE THE EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS THAT ARE GIVEN FOR SEIZURES?

A

LORAZEPAM (ATIVAN)
DIAZEPAM (VALIUM, DIASTAT)

122
Q

WHAT ROUTES CAN EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS FOR SEIZURES BE GIVEN?

A

RECTALLY
IV
NASAL

123
Q

30 MINUTES OF CONTINUOUS SEIZURE ACTIVITY WITHOUT RETURN OF CONSCIOUSNESS

A

STATUS EPILEPTICUS

124
Q

WHAT IS SOMETHING CONCERNING ABOUT STATUS EPILEPTICUS

A

OXYGENATION

125
Q

PROMPT INTERVENTION IS NEEDED TO PREVENT NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE DURING WHAT?

A

STATUS EPILEPTICUS

126
Q

THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS DURING STATUS EPILEPTICUS

A

ENSURE AIRWAY AND OXYGENTATION
ADMINISTER DIAZEPAM OR LORAZEPAM
ICU ADMISSION
INDUCED COMA

127
Q

IF YOU ARE MAXED OUT ON DIAZEPAM OR LORAZEPAM WHAT WOULD BE THE NEXT STEP?

A

INDUCED COMA WITH PENTOARBITAL

128
Q

WHAT IS A SYMPTOM OF NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER/DISEASE OR MEDICATION THAT IS NOT A NORMAL PART OF AGING?

A

DEMENTIA

129
Q

INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING THAT DEMENTIA CAUSES

A

INPAIRED NORMAL ACTIVITES AND RELATIONSHIPS
IMPAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING AND EMOTIONAL CONTROL
PERSONALITY CHANGES
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
MEMORY PROBLEMS

130
Q

disorders that cause cognitive decline

A

NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER

131
Q

HOW IS MEMORY AFFECTED WITH DEMENTIA?

A

RECENT MEMORY AFFECTED FIRST THEN REMOTE MEMORY AFFECTED LATER

132
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA

A

MEMORY LOSS
WANDERING
APHASIA
BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
TOTAL DEPENDENCE

133
Q

THERAPEUTIC MEASURES FOR DEMENTIA

A

MEDICATIONS TO DELAY PROGRESSION
DISCUSSION OF WISHES/END OF LIFE DECISIONS
PATIENT SAFETY
REORIENTATION
MAINTAIN ROUTINE
MONITOR NUTRITION

134
Q

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT IS ALSO KNOWN AS

A

STROKE

135
Q

HOW DOES A STROKE AFFECT THE BRAIN

A

INADEQUATE BLOOD FLOW TO BRAIN
DECREASED O2 AND GLUCOSE TO BRAIN CELLS
BRAIN CELL/TISSUE DEATH

136
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF STROKES?

A

ISCHEMIC
HEMORRHAGIC

137
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY IS BLOCKED OR SLOWED

A

ISCHEMIC STROKE

138
Q

RUPTURE OF CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSEL

A

HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

139
Q

TWO TYPES OF ISCHEMIC STOKES

A

THROMBOTIC
EMBOLIC

140
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF HEMORRHAGIC STROKES?

A

SUBARACHNOID
INTRACEREBRAL

141
Q

A BUILD UP IN AN ARTERY THAT LEADS TO OCCLUSION EX: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE LIKE FAT BUILD UP

A

THROMBOTIC STROKE

142
Q

EMBOLUS CAUSES OCCLUSION IN VESSEL EX BLOOD CLOT LODGED OR FAT EMOLISM LODGED

A

EMBOLIC STROKE

143
Q

bleeding on the surface of the brain CAUSES PRESSURE ON THE BRAIN

A

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

144
Q

BLEEDING IN THE DEEPER TISSUES OF THE BRAIN

A

INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

145
Q

STROKE CAUSED BY A TRAMATIC BRAIN INJURY

A

INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

146
Q

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR STROKE

A

HTN
SMOKING
DM
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
ATRIAL FIBRILATION
OBESITY
HIGH CHOLESTEROL

147
Q

NONMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR STROKE

A

AGE
GENDER
HEREDITY
PRIOR STROKE OR HEART ATTACKS

148
Q

WHY COULD ATRIAL FIBRILATION CAUSE A STROKE?

A

IRREGULAR HEART RHYTHM CAN CAUSE CLOT IN THE HEART THAT IS DISLODGED FROM HEART AND GOES TO BRAIN

149
Q

STROKE WARNING SIGNS

A

SUDDEN:
NUMNBESS OR WEAKNESS
CONFUSION
CHANGE IN VISION
TROUBLE WALKING/DIZZINESS
SEVERE HEADACHES

150
Q

ACCRONYM USED FOR A STROKE

A

F - FACE IS IT DROOPING
A - ARMS CAN YOU RAISE BOTH
S - SPEECH IS IT SLURRED OR JUMBLED
T - TIME TO CALL 911 RIGHT AWAY

151
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A STROKE DEPEND ON WHAT?

A

THE AREA OF THE BRAIN AFFECTED BY THE STROKE

152
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A STROKE

A

ONE-SIDED WEAKNESS/PARAKYSIS
ATAXIA (UNSTEADY GAIT)
DYSPHAGIA
SENSORY LOSS
MENTAL STATUS CHANGES
VISUAL DISTURBANCES
SPEECH DISTURBANCES
SEVERE HEADACHE

153
Q

WHAT DIAGNOSTIC TEST SHOULD BE RAN IMMEDIATELY FOR A STROKE?

A

CT SCAN

154
Q

WHAT DOES A CT SCAN SHOW WHEN DONE FOR A STROKE?

A

IF BLEEDING IS PRESENT OR NOT
DETERMINES TYPE OF STROKE

155
Q

WHAT TYPE OF STROKE WILL NOT PRESENT ON CT SCAN RIGHT AWAY AND HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO SHOW UP

A

ISCHEMIC STROKE AND IT WILL SHOW UP DAYS LATER

156
Q

WHAT ARE OTHER WAYS TO FIND OUT WHAT CAUSED A STROKE?

A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
LAB WORK
CAROTID DOPPLER OR ANGIOGRAM

157
Q

TIME LOSS = WHAT?

A

BRAIN LOSS

158
Q

THERAPUETIC MEASURES OF A STOKE

A

GET PT TO CT SCAN
MONITOR AND TREAT ABCS
NEURO ASSESSMENTS OFTEN
CONTROL HTN
THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY AND MEDICINE MANAGEMENT
EDUCATION

159
Q

THE USE OF DRUGS TO BREAK UP OR DISSOLVE BLOOD CLOTS

A

THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

160
Q

WHAT MEDICATIONS ARE INVOLVED WITH THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY

A

TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (tPA)

161
Q

WHAT TIME FRAME SHOULD TISSUE TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS BE GIVEN

A

WITHIN 3 TO 4.5 HOURS AFTER SYMPTOMS BEGIN

162
Q

HOW DO TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS WORK

A

THEY MAY REVERSE SYMPTOMS BY RETURNING BLOOD FLOW TO BRAIN

163
Q

WHAT TYPE OF STROKE IS TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS GIVEN FOR?

A

ISCHEMIC STROKES

164
Q

IF TISSUE TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS ARE GIVEN FOR A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE WHAT COULD HAPPEN?

A

SIGNIFICANT RISK FOR BLEEDING AND MAKING THINGS WORSE SINCE THERE IS ALREADY BLEEDING WITH THIS STROKE. WE WANT BLOOD TO CLOT WITH HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

165
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF STROKE PREVENTION MEDICATIONS?

A

ANTIPLATELET AGENTS
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS
CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING AGENTS

166
Q

WHAT SHOULD THE NURSE MONITOR WHEN GIVING MEDICATIONS FOR STROKE PREVENTION?

A

SIGNS OF BLEEDING LIKE:
BRUISING
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
BLACK STOOL/EMESIS

167
Q

STROKE PREVENTION MEDICATIONS ARE USED FOR WHAT
AND PUT PATIENT AT RISK FOR WHAT

A

PROLONGS BLEEDING TIMES SO THEY HAVE A RISK OF BLEEDING

168
Q

WHAT DO ANTIPLATELET AGENTS DO?

A

LOWER PLATELET AGGRESGATION (PLATELETS DONT STICK TOGETHER LIKE NORMAL)

169
Q

TWO ANTIPLATELET AGENTS

A

ASPIRIN
CLOPIDOGREL (PLAVIX)

170
Q

WHAT DO ANTOCOAGULANT AGENTS DO?

A

PROLONGING TIME FOR CLOTS TO FORM

171
Q

TWO ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS?

A

WARFARIN (COUMADIN)
HEPARIN

172
Q

WHAT DO CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING AGENTS DO?

A

Lower LDL cholesterol

173
Q

WHAT ARE THREE CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING AGENTS?

A

ATORVASTATIN (LIPITOR)
LOVASTATIN (MEVACOR)
SIMVASTATIN (ZOCOR)

174
Q

LONG-TERM EFFECTS FROM A STROKE

A

IMPAIRED MOBILITY
IMPAIRED SENSATION
IMPAIRED SPEECH/SWALLOW
IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT/EMOTIONS

175
Q

AFTER-STROKE INTERVENTIONS

A

REDUCE RISK FACTORS
PREVENTATIVE MEDICATIONS
HELP WITH ADLS
ASSIST WITH DEFICITS

med surg (7 decks)

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