Med Surg Ch. 30

Question 1

Agranulocytes

Answer 1

One of two subgroups of leukocytes. Do not contain granules. Divided into two subgroups: Lymphocytes and Monocytes. Important in immune response.

Question 2

Albumin

Answer 2

Most abundant protein found in plasma. Formed in the liver. Helps maintain the osmotic pressure (is too large to pass through a capillary wall) that retains fluid in the vascular compartment.

Question 3

Basophils

Answer 3

Subgroup of granulocytes. Capable of phagocytosis. Active in allergic contact dermatitis (immediate hypersensitivity) and some delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 4

B Lymphocytes

Answer 4

Agrulocytes. Produce antibodies against foreign antigens. Provide humoral immunity.

Question 5

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Answer 5

Procedure to determine the status of blood cell formation. Marrow taken from the posterior iliac crest or sternum.

Question 6

Eosinophils

Answer 6

Subgroup of granulocytes. Phagocytizw foreign material. Numbers increase in allergies, some dermatologic disorders, and parasitic infections.

Question 7

Erythrocytes

Answer 7

Red Blood Cells. Flexible, anuclear, biconcave disks covered by a thin membrane through which O2 and CO2 pass freely. Flexibility allows them to change shape while going through capillaries. Comprise ~45% of whole blood. Circulate the blood for ~120 days.

Question 8

Erythropoitin

Answer 8

Hormone that regulates the production of rbc’s. Released by the kidneys.

Question 9

Fibronigen

Answer 9

Protein found in the plasma. plays a key role in forming blood clots. Liquid. Can be transformed to a solid form:fibrin (this form controls bleeding).

Question 10

Globulins

Answer 10

Proteins found in the plasma. Three subgroups: alpha, beta, and gamma. Gamma globulins=immunoglobulins. Primary fx: immunologic agents; prevent or modify some types of infectious diseases. Help maintain osmotic pressure in the vascular compartment.

Question 11

Granulocytes

Answer 11

aka Polymorphonuclear leukocytes. One of two subgroups of leukocytes. Contain cytoplasmic granules. Divided into three subgroups: Neutrophils (microphages), Basophils, and Eosinophils.

Question 12

Hematopoisis

Answer 12

the manufacture and development of blood cells.

Question 13

Hemoglobin

Answer 13

iron-containing pigment (protein) attached to rbc’s. Gives blood it’s red color. The heme portion of the molecule freely binds with blood gases. Normal adult range: 12.0 to 17.4 g/dL.

Question 14

Hemolysis

Answer 14

destruction of erythrocites.

Question 15

Hemostasis

Answer 15

the control of bleeding. Circulating platelets contribute to this.

Question 16

Leukocytes

Answer 16

White Blood Cells. Perform various protective functions. Circulate in blood, migrate into body tissues as well. Normal range: 5,000 to 10,000/mm^3.

Question 17

Leukocytosis

Answer 17

an increased number of wbc’s.

Question 18

Leukopenia

Answer 18

a decreased number of wbc’s.

Question 19

Lymph

Answer 19

fluid with a composition similar to plasma. Flows through the lymphatic system by skeletal muscle contraction. Enters node through afferent duct, macrophages attack and enguld foreign substances (bacteria, viruses, abnormal body cells, other debris), exits node through efferent duct.

Question 20

Lymphatics

Answer 20

aka the Lymphatic System. Comprised of thymus gland, spleen, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph. Circulated interstitial fluid and carries it to veins. Filters and destroys pathogens and removes other potentially harmful substances.

Question 21

Lymph Nodes

Answer 21

glandular tissues along the lymphatic network. Clustered in the axilla, groin, neck, and large vessels of the thorax and abdomen. Connected by lymphatic ducts. Contain both T and B lymphocytes in the smaller nodules of each lymph node. Filters lymph.

Question 22

Lymphokine

Answer 22

substance released by T lymphocytes that enhances the actions of phagocytic cells.

Question 23

Lymphocytes

Answer 23

wbc’s, agranulocytes. Divided into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.

Question 24

Monocytes

Answer 24

aka Macrophages. Agranulocyte. Phagocytize large-size debris, help combat severe infections and contribute to the immune response. Antigen-presenting cells (engulf microbes and display the antigenic surface to T lymphocytes).

Question 25

Neutrophils

Answer 25

aka Microphage. Subgroup of Granulocytes. Major component of inflammatory response. Defense against bacteria by phagocytosis. Immature neuts:band cells; circulate in peripheral blood.

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

the ingestion and digestion of bacteria, cellular debris, and foreign substances.

Question 27

Plasma

Answer 27

fluid portion of blood. Made of 90% water and 10% proteins. Transports blood cells, proteins, clotting factors, nutrients, enzymes, and hormones. Approx: 55% of whole blood is plasma.

Question 28

Platelets

Answer 28

aka Thrombocytes. Non-nucleated cell fragments. Live ~7.5 days. Made in red bone marrow. 150,000 to 350,000/mm^3. ~⅔ platelets circulate in blood. ~⅓ remain in spleen to be released if needed. Contribute to hemostasis. Help control bleeding by forming a loose blood clot.

Question 29

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Answer 29

undifferentiated precursor cell for all blood cells. Found in bone marrow.

Question 30

Schilling Test

Answer 30

used to determine the etiology of vitamin B12 deficiency causing pernicious anemia. Performed in four stages. After each stage: 24-hr urine collected.

Question 31

T Lymphocytes

Answer 31

Agranulocyte. interact with foreign cells and release lymphokine. Provide cellular immunity (cell-mediated response).