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Med Surg > Med Surg Cardiac > Flashcards

Med Surg Cardiac Flashcards

0
Q

For a pt with a cardiac disorder, what components of the abdominal assessment is necessary!

A

Abdominal distention, indicates ascites which develops with right ventricular or biventricular HF
Hepatojugular reflux, performed when right or biventricular HF is suspected a positive test aids in confirming HF.
Bladder distention, urine output is a imp indicator of cardiac function, reduced urine output may indicate inadequate renal perfusion or less serious problems.

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1
Q

What are findings frequently identified with patients with cardiac disorders?

A

Hemoptysis
Cough
Crackles
Wheezes

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2
Q

What is kyphoscoliosis and what does it do

A

A spinal deformity that occurs in many older adult patients,it,any move the cardiac apex downward so that palpation of the apical impulse is obscured

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3
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension

A

A result of impaired barks receptor function that normally regulates BP Places older adults adults at risk for falls

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis of MI made on

A

Evaluating the history and physical examination, the 12 lead electrocardiogram and the results of laboratory tests,that measure serum cardiac biomarkers

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5
Q

Wha is measured to evaluate CAD

A

Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Lipoproteins

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6
Q

What is the normal level of cholesterol

A

Less than 200

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7
Q

What is cholesterol required for

A

Hormone synthesis and cell membrane formation

It is found in large quantities in brain and nerve tissue

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8
Q

What are the 2 major sources of cholesterol

A

Animal products

The liver, where it is synthesized

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9
Q

What are normal LDL levels

A

Less than 160

They are the primary transporters of cholesterol and triglycerides into the cell

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10
Q

What is the harmful effects of LDLs

A

The depositing of these substances in the walls of the arterial vessels

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11
Q

In ppl with known CAD and diabetes what is the primary goal level of LDLs

A

Less than 70

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12
Q

What is the HDL normal range in men

A

35-70

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13
Q

What is the normal range of HDL for woman

A

35-85

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14
Q

Wha does HDL do

A

Transport cholesterol away from tissues and cells of the arterial wall to the liver for excretion

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15
Q

In pt with CAD what is the secondary level of HDLs

A

More than 40

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16
Q

What is the normal range for triglycerides

A

100 to 200

They are composed of three fatty acids and glycerol. Are stored in the adipose tissue and as a source of energy

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17
Q

Triglyceride levels are affected by what

A

They increase after meals and are affected by stress

Diabetes alcohol use and obesity can increase levels

18
Q

What is BNP

A

Brain B type natriuretic peptide which helps regulate BP and fluid volume
It is primarily excreted from the ventricles in response to increased preload with resulting elevated ventricular pressure

19
Q

The levels of BNP,in the blood increase as a result of,what

A

As the ventricular walls expand from increased pressure making it a helpful tool in diagnosing HF

20
Q

What other conditions can elevated BNP levels result from

A

PE
MI
Ventricular hypertropthy

21
Q

What is CRP

A

c reactive protein

It is a protein produced in the liver in response to systemic inflammation.

22
Q

Ppl with high he CRP levels of 3 mg/ml or,higher are at risk for what

A

CVD

23
Q

Homocysteine

A

An amino acid linked to the development of atherosclerosis because it can damage the lining of the endothelium lining of arteries and promote thrombus formation

24
Q

An elevated level of what is linked to the development of what

A

CAD
STROKE
PVD

25
Q

What are assoc with higher levels of homocysteine

A

Genetic factors

Diet low in folate, vit B12

26
Q

How long must a pt fast before receiving a accurate serum measurement

A

12hour fasting

27
Q

What are the test results for a homocysteine

A

Less than 12 optimal
12-15 borderline
Greater than 15 high risk

28
Q

What is a chest X-ray useful for

A

To determine the size, contour, and position of the heart
It reveals cardiac calcification sand demonstrates physiologic changes in pulmonary circulation
Correct placement of pacemakers and pulmonary catheters are also confirmed

29
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

An x Ray imaging technique that allows visualization of the heart on screen it shows cardiac and vascular pulsations and unusual cardiac contours it uses a movable X-ray source

30
Q

What is a lead

A

A specific view of the electrical activity of the heart

31
Q

The standard lead is composed of what

A

12 lead or 12 different views of the heart

32
Q

BUN

A

10-20
Are end products of protein metabolism excreted by the kidneys
Elevated bun reflects reduced renal perfusion from decreased cardiac output or intravascular FVD

33
Q

Ca

A

8.6- 10.2
Necessary for blood coagulability, neuromuscular activity, and automaticity of the nodal cells ( sinus and atrioventricular nodes)

34
Q

What might a elevated BUN and normal creatinine indicate

A

Intravascular FVD

35
Q

PTT

A

60-70s

36
Q

Therapist of range for INR

A

2-3.5

37
Q

Normal range of platelets

A

150,000- 450,000

38
Q

HCT

A

Men. 42-52%
Woman. 35-47%
Represents the percentage of of RBC found in 100ml of whole blood

39
Q

Low hbg and HCT levels indicate what

A

They have serious consequences for ppl with cardiovascular diseases, such as more frequent angina episodes or acute myocardial infarction

40
Q

What meds inhibit platelet function

A

Aspirin, clopidogrel ( plavix), and intravenous glycoproteins IIb/ IIIa inhibitors, abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban. Whe these meds are administered it is essential to monitor for Thrombocytopenia ( low platelet counts)

41
Q

The CBC is carefully monitored in who

A

Ppl with cardiovascular disease

42
Q

What is used to monitor the levels of anticoagulation with warfarin

A

PT

43
Q

A 5 lead system provides how many different lead selections

A

7 unlike telemetry and hardwire cardic monitoring the 5 lead can monitor the activity of the anterior wall of the left ventricle

Med Surg (19 decks)

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