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Pediatric Boards > Med Study NICU > Flashcards

Med Study NICU Flashcards

1
Q

This condition increases the risk of renal vein thrombosis

A

perinatal asphyxia

mediated by endothelial cell injury

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2
Q

How does renal vein thrombosis present?

A

sudden onset gross hematuria
flank mass due to kidney enlargement
thrombocytopenia

and decreased urine output

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3
Q

How to diagnose renal vein thrombosis:

A

doppler flow studies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins

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4
Q

Anisocoria results from blank nerve root injury

A

T1

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5
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

unequal pupil size

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6
Q

T1 damage causes

A

Horner syndrome
(ptosis, MIOSIS (leading to unequal pupil size), and anhidrosis)

can be part of a brachial plexus injury

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7
Q

Nerve roots involved in Erb’s palsy

A

C5-C6

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8
Q

Symptomatic hypoglycemia in the first 4 hours of birth (glu < 40) should be treated how?

A

WITH IV GLUCOSE

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9
Q

Up until this gestational age, the sole of the foot has no creases

A

32 weeks

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10
Q

The pinna is soft and ears remain folded until this gestational age

A

31 weeks

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11
Q

Ears have scant cartilage, and the pinna returns slowly from folding in a newborn infant. What is the gestational age?

A

32-35 weeks

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12
Q

At what gestational age have the ears developed thin cartilage throughout, and will spring back into shape when folded?

A

36-39 weeks

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13
Q

Generally, you don’t see any anterior sole creases until this gestational age

A

31 weeks

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14
Q

A 1 hour old infant has 1-2 anterior sole crease on their feet. Their gestational age is

A

32-33 weeks

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15
Q

At 34-35 weeks gestation, how many anterior sole creases are on an infant’s feet?

A

2-3 anterior creases on each sole

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16
Q

Creases cover 2/3 of the anterior sole at this gestational age

A

36-37 weeks

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17
Q

At what gestational age doe heel creases show up?

A

38-41 weeks

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18
Q

Areola and nipple are barely visible and there is no breast tissue until this gestational age

A

33 weeks

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19
Q

Absent vernix indicates

A

a post term baby

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20
Q

Lanugo covers this entire body until this gestational age

A

32 weeks

21
Q

Do term babies have lanugo?

A

yes but only on the shoulders

22
Q

Ear cartilage is absent until

A

32 weeks

23
Q

At what gestational age does the areola raise?

A

34-35 weeks

24
Q

Phimosis

A

= foreskin that cannot be retracted

25
Q

Treatment for umbilical granuloma

A

silver nitrate

26
Q

What is an umbilical polyp and how do you treat it?

A

= a firm mass comprised of intestinal or urinary tract tissue

(will look more red than a granuloma)

needs surgical excision

27
Q

Vernix covers the entire body until this gestational age

A

32 weeks

28
Q

There is no breast tissue until this gestational age

A

36 weeks

29
Q

Between these gestational ages, the ears have scant cartilage with slow return from folding

A

32-35 weeks

30
Q

The first crease or two on the anterior sole show up around this GA

A

32 weeks

31
Q

Breast milk jaundice peaks at what age?

A

2 weeks of life

32
Q

How do patients with galactosemia present, and when?

A

In the first week of life with jaundice, vomiting, hepatomegaly and poor feeding

33
Q

Galactosemia is a recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in this enzyme:

A

galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency

34
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is caused by what type of antibody?

A

IgG

IgG gone all the way to the fetus

35
Q

Etiology of breastmilk jaundice

A

elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase

this enzyme unconjugates bilirubin from glucuronic acid and makes it available to get reabsorbed…. and so the bili is not gotten rid of

the is the main cause of hyperbili in a breastfed infant at like TWO WEEKS of age

so it’s not right away.

36
Q

When does physiologic jaundice peak?

A

3-4 days of age

and it’s gone by 1-2 weeks of life

37
Q

Elevated levels of this, found in breastmilk, is why breastmilk jaundice occurs

A

B-glucuronidase

38
Q

What causes physiologic jaundice?

A

Shorter lifespan of fetal RBCs

and by diminished bilirubin excretion (which is caused by decreased metabolism in the liver

39
Q

What is a cystic hygroma?

A

= a type of lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation) where there is abnormal development of the lymphatic system that causes obstruction of lymphatic flow and subsequent sequestration of lymphatic fluid.

On exam will be a soft, compressible, poorly defined, non pulsatile neck mass that transilluminates

40
Q

What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass or lump that develops from cells and tissues remaining after the formation of the thyroid gland during embryonic development. It is most commonly diagnosed in preschool-aged children or during mid-adolescence, and often appears after an upper respiratory infection when it enlarges and becomes painful.

41
Q

How does a branchial cleft cyst usually present?

A

in late childhood or adolescence when a previously unrecognized cyst gets infected

usually located just under the mandible, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

Inclusion bodies think

A

chlamydia

43
Q

When does chlamydia conjunctivitis show up?

A

5-12 days of age

44
Q

Which type of conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge?

A

gonorrhea

45
Q

When does gonorrhea conjunctivitis show up?

A

Age 2-5 days

where as chlamydia is later

46
Q

How does Klumpke’s palsy present?

A

Klumpke’s palsy = lower brachial plexus injury

So presents with inability to move the hand/wrsit, and “claw hand” deformity

47
Q

3 hour old baby can move hand, but not arm. The injury is

A

Erb’s palsy

Upper brachial plexus injury (C5, C6)

48
Q

Interruption of the sympathetic chain at the T1 nerve root causes…..

A

Horner syndrome (miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis)

Pediatric Boards (9 decks)

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