Med Study NICU Flashcards
This condition increases the risk of renal vein thrombosis
perinatal asphyxia
mediated by endothelial cell injury
How does renal vein thrombosis present?
sudden onset gross hematuria
flank mass due to kidney enlargement
thrombocytopenia
and decreased urine output
How to diagnose renal vein thrombosis:
doppler flow studies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins
Anisocoria results from blank nerve root injury
T1
What is anisocoria?
unequal pupil size
T1 damage causes
Horner syndrome
(ptosis, MIOSIS (leading to unequal pupil size), and anhidrosis)
can be part of a brachial plexus injury
Nerve roots involved in Erb’s palsy
C5-C6
Symptomatic hypoglycemia in the first 4 hours of birth (glu < 40) should be treated how?
WITH IV GLUCOSE
Up until this gestational age, the sole of the foot has no creases
32 weeks
The pinna is soft and ears remain folded until this gestational age
31 weeks
Ears have scant cartilage, and the pinna returns slowly from folding in a newborn infant. What is the gestational age?
32-35 weeks
At what gestational age have the ears developed thin cartilage throughout, and will spring back into shape when folded?
36-39 weeks
Generally, you don’t see any anterior sole creases until this gestational age
31 weeks
A 1 hour old infant has 1-2 anterior sole crease on their feet. Their gestational age is
32-33 weeks
At 34-35 weeks gestation, how many anterior sole creases are on an infant’s feet?
2-3 anterior creases on each sole
Creases cover 2/3 of the anterior sole at this gestational age
36-37 weeks
At what gestational age doe heel creases show up?
38-41 weeks
Areola and nipple are barely visible and there is no breast tissue until this gestational age
33 weeks
Absent vernix indicates
a post term baby
Lanugo covers this entire body until this gestational age
32 weeks
Do term babies have lanugo?
yes but only on the shoulders
Ear cartilage is absent until
32 weeks
At what gestational age does the areola raise?
34-35 weeks
Phimosis
= foreskin that cannot be retracted
Treatment for umbilical granuloma
silver nitrate
What is an umbilical polyp and how do you treat it?
= a firm mass comprised of intestinal or urinary tract tissue
(will look more red than a granuloma)
needs surgical excision
Vernix covers the entire body until this gestational age
32 weeks
There is no breast tissue until this gestational age
36 weeks
Between these gestational ages, the ears have scant cartilage with slow return from folding
32-35 weeks
The first crease or two on the anterior sole show up around this GA
32 weeks
Breast milk jaundice peaks at what age?
2 weeks of life
How do patients with galactosemia present, and when?
In the first week of life with jaundice, vomiting, hepatomegaly and poor feeding
Galactosemia is a recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in this enzyme:
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is caused by what type of antibody?
IgG
IgG gone all the way to the fetus
Etiology of breastmilk jaundice
elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase
this enzyme unconjugates bilirubin from glucuronic acid and makes it available to get reabsorbed…. and so the bili is not gotten rid of
the is the main cause of hyperbili in a breastfed infant at like TWO WEEKS of age
so it’s not right away.
When does physiologic jaundice peak?
3-4 days of age
and it’s gone by 1-2 weeks of life
Elevated levels of this, found in breastmilk, is why breastmilk jaundice occurs
B-glucuronidase
What causes physiologic jaundice?
Shorter lifespan of fetal RBCs
and by diminished bilirubin excretion (which is caused by decreased metabolism in the liver
What is a cystic hygroma?
= a type of lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation) where there is abnormal development of the lymphatic system that causes obstruction of lymphatic flow and subsequent sequestration of lymphatic fluid.
On exam will be a soft, compressible, poorly defined, non pulsatile neck mass that transilluminates
What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass or lump that develops from cells and tissues remaining after the formation of the thyroid gland during embryonic development. It is most commonly diagnosed in preschool-aged children or during mid-adolescence, and often appears after an upper respiratory infection when it enlarges and becomes painful.
How does a branchial cleft cyst usually present?
in late childhood or adolescence when a previously unrecognized cyst gets infected
usually located just under the mandible, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid
Inclusion bodies think
chlamydia
When does chlamydia conjunctivitis show up?
5-12 days of age
Which type of conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge?
gonorrhea
When does gonorrhea conjunctivitis show up?
Age 2-5 days
where as chlamydia is later
How does Klumpke’s palsy present?
Klumpke’s palsy = lower brachial plexus injury
So presents with inability to move the hand/wrsit, and “claw hand” deformity
3 hour old baby can move hand, but not arm. The injury is
Erb’s palsy
Upper brachial plexus injury (C5, C6)
Interruption of the sympathetic chain at the T1 nerve root causes…..
Horner syndrome (miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis)
