Med Micro Assignment 1 Flashcards
Mutualism is a relationship…
that provides such benefits for both members that one or both parties cannot live without the other.
All of the following are normal microbiota found in the lower digestive tract EXCEPT:
Candida, Shigella, Proteus, Escherichia are normal. Staphylococcus is not.
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?
Candida (yeast infection if unbalanced), Trichomonas, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides are normal. E. coli is not.
Streptokinase
bacterial enzyme that breaks down blood clots, allows for faster spreading
Streptolysin
bacterial enzyme that lyses RBC, WBC, platelets.
Collagenase
Breaks down collagen, helps spread
Coagulase
Causes blood clots which can hide bacteria from phagocytes
Hyaluronidase
Extracellular enzyme that digest hyaluronic acid which holds cells together
Which of the following may not always be a part of an infectious disease process?
Prodromal: sometimes so fast that it hits illness right away. Convalescence is not always presence because death is not convalescence, and some diseases never clear.
Acne is what type of disease?
Non-communicable. Just an imbalance of normal epidermal bacteria
A disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given area or population is considered…
epidemic
The index case
Is the first case of a disease identified in a given area or population
Examples of exotoxins
Neurotoxins: affect nerves; Cytotoxins: kill cells; Enterotoxins: affect cells along GI tract
The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the U.S. was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means…
there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the U.S. in the year 2000.
Descriptive epidemiology would tabulate all of the following information about a disease
age of patient, time the cases of the disease occurred, course and chain of transmission of a disease, a mapping of the location of a disease. Would NOT compare patients with disease to those without
Droplet nuclei are a factor in which of the modes of transmission?
Vehicle (>1m) and Contact (<1m)
Transient microbiota are found where?
In the same places are resident ones, but they are outcompeted, destroyed by body, or have no virulence factors
Diarrhea-causing pathogens would be expected to produce…
Enterotoxins (affect cells along GI tract)
Fomites cause disease by…
Indirect contact.
Herpes is what type of virus?
Latent
Which type of epidemiology applies Koch’s postulates to study a disease?
Experimental epidemiology
Langerhans cell
aka dendritic cell. Macrophage in epidermis
Kuppfer cell
Macrophage in liver
Microglia
Macrophage in CNS
Microbial antagonism
the presence of normal microbia that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways, and that prevent pathogens from invading the body.
The M protein on the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes
is part of the bacteria’s outer layer and prevents adherence of phagocytes to its surface by destabilizing complement C3b, so interfering with opsonization
Mucous membranes are found in all of the following areas EXCEPT:
lining the stomach, in the urinary bladder, in the lungs, composing the inner lining of the vagina are normal. Lining the peritoneal cavity is NOT.
Pyrogens stimulate…
Fever by acting on the hypothalamus
Stages of phagocytosis
- Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Killing 5. Elimination
Toxemia
Toxins found in the blood
Sepsis or septicemia
Pathogens found in the blood.
The final outcome of most host-parasite relationships depends on
the number of organisms present in or on the host, the virulence of the organism, the host’s defenses
Endotoxin causes all except:
Shock, paralysis, and fever. NOT tissue necrosis
