Med Micro 6.1 - Specific Defense Part 1B (AB class) Flashcards

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1
Q

Main cellular components of humoral immune response involved in defense

A

B cells and plasma cells

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2
Q

Plasma cells

A

Descendants of B cells (clonal expansion) that secrete ABs that act against extracellular pathogens

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3
Q

What do antibodies bind to?

A

To epitopes (specific part of antigens)

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4
Q

Cell mediated Immunity

A

Descendants of T lymphocytes do not involve antibodies and attack intracellular pathogens; Long lived descendants of B and T cells provide immunological memory

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5
Q

How are antigens recognized? Which produce the better immune response?

A

By their epitopes, 3D regions. Large ones are better immunogens (important for vaccines, needs to be big enough)

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6
Q

Another name for Epitopes

A

aka antigenic determinant

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7
Q

Endogenous, exogenous, and auto-antigens and their responses

A

Endogenous have a T cell response (often a B one too), exogenous have a B cell response, auto-antigens identify self

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8
Q

Conjugate vaccines

A

If antigen is small, we link many many copies in sequence to generate a good response

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9
Q

Linear and conformational epitope

A

Linear is a.a. sequence, conformational is 3D (more than sequence - most are this type). About 15 a.a. when defined by spatial contact of antibody and epitope; of the 15 only 5 are strongly involved in binding

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10
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Found primarily in the spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow, and Peyer’s patches; small % in the blood; naïve and activated (gets primed first then active)??; mature into plasma or memory cells once activated; secretes antibodies

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11
Q

Antibody functions

A

Neutralization, opsonization (macrophage recognize constant region on an AB), agglutination (cross-linking and precipitate out), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

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12
Q

ADCC

A

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK cell secretes perforin and granzyme when it recognizes constant region of AB. Perforin makes channel, granzyme enters and triggers apoptosis

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13
Q

Passive immunotherapy

A

Get an injection of antibodies developed in another host which will help neutralize a toxin etc. Won’t work a second time because we will have a immune response to the antibody.

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14
Q

5 isotypes of antibodies immunoglobulins. What determines which gets used?

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD. The class involved in the immune response depends on the type of foreign antigen, the portal of entry, and the antibody function needed

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15
Q

IgG function and location

A

Complement activation, neutralize, opsonize, produce H2O2, agglutination, ADCC; only one that can cross placenta to fetus. In serum and mast cell surfaces, can leave blood

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16
Q

IgA function and location

A

Neutralize and agglutination; dimer is secretory antibody (often has secretory component to protect is from intestinal enzymes). Monomer in serum, dimer in mucous membrane, tears and milk

17
Q

IgM function and location

A

Monomer acts as BCR; pentamer is secreted and acts in complement activation, neutralization, agglutination. First one to be made. In serum

18
Q

IgE function and location

A

in allergic responses or worms, bound to mast cells; it releases histamine from basophils and mast cells, and release antiparasitic molecules from eosinophils. In serum and mast cell surfaces.

19
Q

IgD function and location

A

Unknown, perhaps just acts as BCR. On B cell surface, not secreted

20
Q

Which AB class is the longest lasting and most abundant? Which is least abundant?

A

IgG, makes up about 80% and lasts longest. IgD is least abundant in serum, IgE is a close second.

21
Q

Which AB class has J chains?

A

IgM and IgA. J stands for joining (not same as J segment of AB!). IgM is pentamer, IgA is sometimes dimer