Med micro Flashcards
- Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
- Listeria monocytogenes
- E. coli
- Other gram negative bacilli: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Are causes of meningitis in neonates.
What empirical drug used if you suspect meningitis in NEONATES.
Treatment of aseptic meningitis
a) HSV, VZV-?
b) Fungal meningitis (cryptococcal meningitis)- ?
a) Acyclovir
b) amphotericin B, flucytosine
streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram stain:
Drug susceptible:
Gram stain: positive diplococci
Drug treatment: * Penicillin-sensitive: Intravenous (IV) penicillin
* Penicillin-resistant: IV ceftriaxone
* Ceftriaxone-resistant: IV vancomycin
* Duration: 10 days
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram stain:
Treatment:
Gram stain: positive bacilli
Treatment: Ampicillin +/- gentamicin
* NOT penicillin or ceftriaxone!
Neisseria meningitis
Gram stain:
Treatment:
Gram negative cocci
IV penicillin for 7 days
Which bacteria that causes “Meningococcal meningitis”, Rapidly progressive, and its associated with DIC, Petechiae in children.
a. L. monocytogens
b. N. meningitidis
c. S. pneumoniae
d. haematobacterial diseases
e. Haemophilus influenza tybe B
N. meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Gram stain:
Treatment:
Gram negative bacilli
IV ceftriaxone for 10 days
what is the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes in neonates?
Transplacental spread
When meningitis is suspected in neonates,
______ is used instead of ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Which of the following bacterial species is the most common causative agent of bacterial meningitis in newborns and infants?
a) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Neisseria meningitidis
c) Escherichia coli
d) Haemophilus influenzae type b
c) Escherichia coli
Which virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for the development of purpura fulminans in some cases of meningococcal meningitis?
a) Polysaccharide capsule
b) IgA protease
c) Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)
d) Type IV pili
c) Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)
Which of the following laboratory tests is essential for the definitive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis?
a) Blood culture
b) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture
c) Latex agglutination test
d) Gram stain of CSF
b) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture
Which bacterial species is commonly associated with meningitis in adults, especially those over the age of 50 or immunocompromised individuals?
a) Streptococcus agalactiae
b) Listeria monocytogenes
c) Staphylococcus aureus
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
b) Listeria monocytogenes
Which of the following is a recommended vaccine to prevent bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b?
a) Meningococcal conjugate vaccine
b) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
c) Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
d) Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine
d) Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine
Which bacterial species is the most common cause of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults?
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common bacterial species responsible for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults.
What is the recommended empirical antibiotic therapy for suspected bacterial meningitis in neonates up to 28 days old?
For neonates up to 28 days old with suspected bacterial meningitis, the recommended empirical antibiotic therapy includes ampicillin plus gentamicin or cefotaxime. This regimen provides coverage against common pathogens, such as Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes.
What are the characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in bacterial meningitis?
In bacterial meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) typically shows the following characteristic findings:
Elevated white blood cell count (predominantly neutrophils).
Elevated protein levels.
Decreased glucose levels (compared to blood glucose levels).
What is the most common long-term complication associated with bacterial meningitis?
Sensorineural hearing loss
What is the recommended vaccination strategy for preventing bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
The recommended vaccination strategy for preventing bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae includes routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in infancy, followed by a booster dose in early childhood. Additionally, a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for certain high-risk individuals, such as older adults and individuals with specific medical conditions.
Which age group is most susceptible to infection with Neisseria meningitidis?
Neisseria meningitidis primarily affects adolescents and young adults. This age group has the highest incidence of meningococcal disease, particularly during outbreaks in closed communities like college dormitories.
Which of the following organisms is commonly associated with brain abscesses?
a) Nocardia
b) Toxoplasma gondii
c) Naegleria fowleri
d) Plasmodium spp.
a) Nocardia
Explanation: Nocardia is a branching gram-positive bacillus commonly associated with brain abscesses.
Which of the following antibiotics should be used to cover anaerobic organisms in the treatment of brain abscess?
a) Metronidazole
b) Penicillin
c) Cotrimoxazole
d) Dexamethasone
a) Metronidazole
Explanation: Metronidazole, also known as “Flagyl,” is effective in covering anaerobic organisms, which are commonly involved in brain abscesses.
What is the recommended treatment for tuberculoma?
a) Drainage
b) Antibiotics
c) Albendazole
d) Surgical debridement
b) Antibiotics
Explanation: Tuberculoma, a caseating granuloma in the brain parenchyma, is typically treated with antibiotics.
Neurocysticercosis is caused by which parasite?
a) Taenia solium
b) Plasmodium spp.
c) Toxoplasma gondii
d) Naegleria fowleri
a) Taenia solium
Explanation: Neurocysticercosis is caused by the larval cysts of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm.
