ANATOMY

Question 1

LIST dural meninges reflections.

Answer 1

• Falx cerebri
• Tentorium cerebelli
• Falx cerebelli
• Diaphragma sellae
• Fossa hypophyseos
• Dural sinuses

Question 2

List blood supply to the (dura) anterior cranial fossa (2)

Answer 2

• Meningeal branches of ant. &
  post. ethmoidal arteries
• Frontal branch of middle
  meningeal artery

Question 3

List blood supply to the (dura) middle cranial fossa (2)

Answer 3

• Frontal and parietal branches
  of middle meningeal artery
• Accessory meningeal artery
• Direct branches of int. carotid
  artery

Question 4

Posterior cranial fossa dural blood supply.

Answer 4

• Vertebral artery
• Occipital artery
• Ascending pharyngeal arteries

Question 5

List dura nerve supply

Answer 5

Branches from trigeminal nerves
and cervical nerves- C1, C2, C3 (innervate the Post. Cranial fossa)

Question 6

Nerve supply to the ant. cran. fossa and Flax cerebri.

Answer 6

V1–> ethmoidal nerves–> ant. meningeal n.

Question 7

Nerve supply to the Tentorium cerebri, and also post flax cerebri.

Answer 7

V1–> meningeal branches

Question 8

which meningeal layers do not dip into the sulci?
A. arachnoid mater
B. Pia meter
C. dura meter

Answer 8

A and C

Question 9

cells of outermost arachnoid layer
have tight junctions
* prevents spread from dura into the
subarachnoid space
* One way

Answer 9

• Arachnoid Barrier

Question 10

How thick is the pia meter layer

Answer 10

2-3 cells thick

Question 11

Spinal pia mater forms 21
_______________

Answer 11

denticulate ligaments & filum
terminale

Question 12

structures forming 3rd ventrincle.

Answer 12

 Anterior wall
 Posterior wall
 Sides - Thalamus
 Roof
 Floor

Question 13

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Formation

Answer 13

• Mainly produced by choroid plexus in the floor of
  lateral ventricles and roof of 3rd and 4th ventricles
• Manufactured at a rate of ~ 0.35 ml/ min
• 500 ml of total CSF made per day and replaced
  every 4-6 hours

Question 14

Circulation of CSF

Answer 14

 Lateral ventricle into 3rd
ventricle via interventricular
foramina of Monro
 3rd ventricle into 4th
ventricle via cerebral
aqueduct of Sylvius
 4th ventricle into
subarachnoid space via
 Median foramen
- Cisterna
Magna
 Lateral foramina
- Pontine
Cistern

Question 15

What type of hemorrhage is associated with the skull fractures lacerating the MENINGEAL ARTERY.

Answer 15

Epidural hematoma

Question 16

Subdural hematoma is associated with?

Answer 16

bridging veins

Question 17

what happens when there is an obstruction in the CSF drainage

Answer 17

Any obstruction to normal
circulation causes CSF to back up
in ventricles and leads to a general
increase in intracranial pressure

Retinal veins become dilated,
optic nerve head (disc) is
pushed forward above level of
retina (papilloedema – choked
disc) .

Question 18

Hydrocephalus

Answer 18

Dilation of the cerebral ventricles caused by
blockage of CSF flow

Communicating hydrocephalus
Noncommunicating
Normal pressure

Question 19

Which meningeal layer forms roof to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 19

Diaphragma sellae

Question 20

Difference btwn dura mater and arachnoid

Question 21

List Cerebrospinal cisterns (4)

Answer 21

 Cerebello
-medullary (magna)
Largest
 Pontine
– contains basilar artery
 Interpenducular
– contains arterial
circle of Willis.
 Cistern Ambient
– around midbrain
* Quadrigeminal

Question 22

Functions of CSF (6)

Answer 22

• Supports and cushions the brain & spinal cord
  against trauma (shock absorbtion)
• Acts as a buoyant fluid
  
  • Brain weighing 1500 g in air will
    weigh 50 g in CSF
• Maintains uniform pressure
• Nutrition
• choroid plexus secrets a protein rich CSF for neural
  tissue
• Removes waste products of neuronal
  metabolism