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KNAT 504 > Med Exam and EENT > Flashcards

Med Exam and EENT Flashcards

1
Q

signs

A

something that the clinician can see or feel in the patient
ex: temp, respiration, heartbeat, BP

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2
Q

symptoms

A

something the patient feels but the clinician cannot
ex: headache, nausea, dizziness, pain

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3
Q

how to get a comprehensive medical history

A

past med history: from the time they remember to now (illness, injury, accidents)

current health status: alcohol and drug use, diet, exercise, immunizations

family history: biological parents and grandparents; diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, kidney disease, CVD, DVT, allergies, asthma, mental illness, addictions

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4
Q

cephalocaudal systems review

A

-reviews system by system
-starts with skin (head to toe)
-HEENT
-respiratory
-cardiovascular
-GI
-peripheral vascular
-neurological
-hematological
-endocrine

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5
Q

what does a physical exam start with

A

taking vital signs

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6
Q

what are the vital signs

A

-height and weight
-BP
-HR and rhythm
-respiratory rate and rhythm
-body temp
-blood O2 saturation

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7
Q

what measures BP

A

sphygmomanometer

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8
Q

normal BP

A

less than 120/80

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9
Q

prehypertension

A

120-129/80-89

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10
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159/90-99

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11
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

160+/100+

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12
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

180+/110+

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13
Q

normal resting HR

A

60-72 bpm (or to 100)

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14
Q

the pulse is described by what 3 things

A

rate
rhythm
force

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15
Q

normal adult respiration rate

A

12-20 breaths/min

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16
Q

evaluation of respiration includes

A

rate
effort
depth of inspiration
ratio of depth of inspiration to expiration

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17
Q

normal body temp

A

98.6 (range 96.4-99.1)

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18
Q

diaphragm of stethoscope used to hear

A

high-pitched sounds

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19
Q

bell of stethoscope used to hear

A

low-pitched sounds

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20
Q

used to view internal structures of the eye

A

ophthalmoscope

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21
Q

used to view ear and nose

A

otoscope

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22
Q

uses of the tuning fork

A

-check vibratory sensation
-check auditory sensitivity

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23
Q

dermatome

A

specific area of skin innervated by dorsal or sensory nerve root

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24
Q

myotome

A

single muscles or groups of muscles innervated by a single ventral or motor nerve

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25
deep tendon reflex
involuntary motor reaction to a stimulus
26
T/F light palpation is always done before deep palpation
true
27
x-rays
-electromagnetic radiation to view internal structures -fractures, dislocations, bony deformity, tumor, arthritis, bone cancer, foreign object
28
radionuclide bone scan
-nuclear imaging involving injections of short-lived radionuclide to assess bone abnormalities -used for stress fractures, bone infections, bone cancer, and arthritis
29
fluoroscopy
-performed when clinician wants to see a "live" image to determine the size, shape, and movement of the tissue -used to look at blood flow, tumors, fractures, organs, foreign bodies, and some soft tissue -slight chance at developing certain types of cancer
30
CT scan
-combines high-resolution radiographs with computers to give visualization of internal structures in cross-section or 3D -look at cross-sections of internal organs, bones, soft tissue, and blood vessels -more radiation than x-rays
31
PET scan
-examines cell metabolism and biochemistry of tissue and organs -can identify abnormal metabolic activity before CT or MRI -low dose radiation
32
MRI
-applies magnetic field to the body and creates an image -used for identifying tumors, fractures, musculoskeletal injuries, soft-tissue conditions, and bleeding
33
sonography
-high-frequency sound waves that penetrate the body to produce images of internal structures in real time -used to identify tumors, enlarged lymph nodes, heart abnormalities, soft-tissue injuries, bleeding, and fetal development
34
electromyography (EMG)
-inserting a needle into a muscle and records electrical activity -used to determine cause of muscle weakness and abnormal nerve conduction
35
nerve conduction study
-measures electrical signals of a nerve associated with a specific muscles
36
holter monitor
-device worn by a patient to monitor the hearts electrical activity during ADLs
37
laparoscopy
-invasive procedure to view the inside of the abdomen
38
urinalysis
-tests urine to determine pH, protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, hemoglobin, nitrite, leukocytes, urobilinogen, and specific gravity levels
39
components of human blood
52%-62% plasma 38%-48% cells
40
visual acuity
quality of vision
41
emmetropia
20/20 vision
42
myopia
nearsightedness
43
hypermetropia
farsightedness
44
blowout fracture
medial wall and floor fracture
45
blown up fracture
orbital roof fracture
46
periorbital contusion (black eye)
-direct trauma = swelling and hemorrhaging -collection of blood and fluid = swelling
47
corneal abrasions
-direct contact to cornea or foreign object -pain, "something in my eye", blurred vision, photophobia, watery eyes, redness -cover eye and refer -fluoresent dye strip to detect marks
48
corneal or scleral lacerations
-open globe -via blunt or sharp object rips open protective layer -fluid leakage
49
iritis
-moi: traumatic force to the eye -s/s: pain, burning, photophobia, red
50
hyphema
-blood in anterior chamber of eye -moi: blunt trauma, spontaneous (sickle cell) -s/s: pain, impaired vision -refer to ER
51
retinal detachment
-moi: jarring force to head, sneezing, spontaneous (Marfan's syndrome) -s/s: flashes of light, halos, blind spots
52
ruptured globe
-moi: severe blunt trauma to globe -s/s: irregular pupil, decreased vision, deformity, hyphema, appearance of foreign object from sclera -medical emergency -shield eyes
53
conjunctivitis (pink eye)
-caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or dry eye -red and vascular engorgment -moi: viral (clear, water), or bacterial (yellow or green) -s/s: itchy, burning, photophobia, eyelids stuck together, hindered vision -highly contagious
54
subconjunctival hemorrhage
-bright red blood in the white of the eye -broken blood vessel
55
proptosis
-direct trauma to the orbit = swelling and hemorrhaging -posterior swelling pushes eyeball forward (buldging)
56
PEARL
pupils equal and reactive to light
57
external ear components
pinna, auricle, external auditory canal, lateral surface of tympanic membrane
58
middle ear components
ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes
59
inner ear components
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
60
external nose components
proximal 2/3 of nose and cartilage in lower 2/3 covered by skin
61
internal nose components
2 cavities separated by the septum
62
what makes up the oropharynx
soft palate tonsillar pillars tonsils base of the tongue posterior pharyngeal walls
63
conductive deafness
-sound conduction pathway blocked -mechanical dysfunction
64
sensorineural deafness
loss involves the inner ear (connection to the brain)
65
type 1 Le Fort fracture
fracture involves only the maxillary bone
66
type 2 Le Fort fracture
fracture extends into nasal bone
67
type 3 Le Fort fracture
cross the zygomatic bones and orbit
68
otitis externa
-aka swimmers ear -inflammation or infection of external canal and tympanic membrane -presents with discharge
69
otitis media
-presence of fluid in the middle ear -viral or bacterial -inflammation of the middle ear -Weber test (tuning for on top of the head, where do you hear the sound)
70
ruptured tympanic membrane
-moi: mechanical (slap to ear or blocked sneeze), cleaning ears with an object, strong Valsalva maneuver -s/s: excruciating pain, hearing loss, tinnitus, blood or fluid leaking, redness
71
auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)
-moi: single or repeated trauma -s/s: red and swelling, liquid -> hardened nodules
72
TMJ
-moi: lateral blow to the jaw -s/s: pain opening and closing the mouth, decreased ROM, clicking, teeth malaligned -philadelphia collar
73
stridor
harsh, high-pitches sound resembling blowing wind that is experienced during respiration
74
oral candidiasis
-thrush in babies -yeastlike fungus Candida albians -s/s: white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the tongue -may occur after antibiotics
75
Bell's palsy
-inhibition of the facial nerve -secondary to trauma or disease -flaccidity of the facial muscles

KNAT 504 (3 decks)

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