Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evolutionaire Psychologie > Mechanisms of Evolution > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Aristotle

A 
284-322BC
Scala naturae
Diversiteit in natuur
Alle soorten zijn onverandelijk
Typology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Buffon

A

1707-1755
Typologist
Praate over evolutionaire problemen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

James Hutton

A

1729-1797

Gradualism in geologische formaties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erasmus Darwin

A

Overerving van verworven characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thomas R. Malthus

A

1766-1834
Essay on population 1798
Rate of population increase out of proportion to the increase of its subsistence means (resources)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Charels Lyell

A 
1797-1875
Influential geologist
Revived theory of Hutton
Earths feature shaped over a long period of time
Strata in geological sediments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carolus Linaeus

A 
1707-1778
Natural Theologian, Botanist, Typologist
University of Upsala, Sweden
Vader van de taxonomy
Binomial nomenclature: (genus-species)
Hierarchic system of classification leading to Phylogenies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

A 
1744-1829
Extraordinary biologist
Philosophie zoologique (1829)
First to propose organic evolution
Dynamic rather than static nature
Domestication
Identified lines of descent
Mechanism:
Use & Disuse
Inheritance of acquired char
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Charles Darwin

A

1809-1882
Study, Clergyman and naturalist
5 year collection expediton HMS beagle 1831: South am, Galpagos
Observed adaptations of animals in different eviroments
Origins of spieces (1859)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beagle Journey: Galapagos Islands

A

Equatorial arhcipelago in The Pacific Ocean
Ecuador
Many endemic species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Galapagos Island spiecies

A

Unique animals that resemble mainland species

Adaptation and speciation tied together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Darwins writing

A

Almost scooped by Alfred Russel Wallace
Papers of Darwin & Wallace published in kournal of the linnean society 1858
On the origin of species by means of natural selection 1859

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The heart of Darwin’s theory

A

Individual variation of inherited characteristics
More offspring than survive
Adaptation to local environment
Differential reproductive success: natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Darwin: Sources of variation in a population

A

Crucial element of Dawins theory, no clue where this variation was coming from
Spontaneous emergence?
Use and disuse?
Environmentally induced variation is inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Natural Selection

A

Offspring with best traits have higher reproductive success
Favorable traits accumulate over time
Evolution is virtually irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Modern Synthesis

A

1930-40: unification of genetics & evolution
Integrated Darwinism with discoveries in many fields
Three mayor developments
- Experimenal genetics: Artificial selection
- Mathemetical genetics: gradualism, punctuated equilibrium theory
- Population genetics: geographic variation, genetically induced & adaptive

17
Q

Mechanism of Evolution: Modern

A

Genetic variability

Natural & sexual selection

18
Q

Natural selection

A

Genetic variability, mutations
Acquired char cannot be inherited
Natural Selection is a consequence of interaction with environment
Individuals & populations are units of evolution
Fitness+inclusive fitness
Genetic drift: gradualist
Punctuated equilibrium

19
Q

Leading 20th century evolutionists

A

Ernst Mayr
Theodosius Dobzhansky
George Gaylord Simpson

20
Q

Ernst Mayr

A

Founder effect

21
Q

Theodosius Dobzhansky

A

Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution
Worked on genetic basis of evoluition
1930: population genetics
Integrated Medel’s genetics with evolution

22
Q

Population

A

Group of interbreeding conspecific individuals
Smallest unit that can evolve
Evolution is change in gene or allele frequency in a population
Natural selection acts at the level of populations
Genetic drift:
- Mutation driven
- population bottlenecks: near extinction events
- Gene flow: immigration-emigration
- founder effect

23
Q

Modern study of evolution

A

Fosil record
Comparative anatomy & Embryology
Bio geography
Comperative biochemistry & molecular biology
Experiments in evolution: Lab exp, sim, math mod

24
Q

Convergence

A

Evolution leading to similarity between non-related organisms due to similar functional adaptation
Homoplasia

25
Q

Analogy

A

Similar function or anatomy without phylogenetic connection

26
Q

Homology

A

Similarity between structures due to common ancestry

27
Q

Comparative embryology

A

Similar stages of development
Vertebrate gill slits
See S.J gould

28
Q

Stephen Jay Gould on evolution and its teaching

A

Changes in the environment, climate or local ecology, diseases, cataclysmic events, etc. can bring about rapid evolutionary change or extinction

This could have happened as well when human ancestors with ape morphology and brains were confronting environmental changes in Eastern Africa. This could have ended this phylogenetic line. As it turned out, it gave rise to the appearance of bipedal humanids that were adapted to these arid habitats.

Evolutionaire Psychologie (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions