Mechanisms of cell injury Flashcards
What are the 6 sites that are vulnerable to intracellular injury?
- cell membrane
- aerobic respiration
- protein synthesis
- cytoskeleton
- genetic apparatus
the cellular response and consequence to injurious stimuli will depend on?
- type of injury
- duration of the injurious agent’s effect
- severity, extent of injury, concentration in tissue
- type of cell injured and its current status
“the point of no return”/ irreversible cell injury
occurs when the injury reaches a certain limit, whereby the cell cannot recover
depletion of ATP has effects on what critical cellular systems?
- sodium pump activity
- increased activity of cellular enzymes
- calcium pump
- disruption of protein synthesis
- cells deprived of energy source
Ischemia or certain toxins cause:
an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration from intracellular stores and later resulting from increased influx across the plasma membrane
to much cytoplasmic calcium causes:
- denaturation of proteins
- poisons mitochondria
- activates cellular enzymes
free radicals
chemical species with a single unpaired electron in outer orbit; readily react with organic or inorganic chemicals, avidly attack and degrade nucleic acids and membrane molecules
main sites of free radical damage
- damage of membrane
- damage of proteins
- damage to DNA
ischemia-reperfusion injury
-it is a combination of hypoxic and free radical injury
plasma membrane can be damaged by:
- ischemia
- various microbial toxins
- lytic complement components
- variety of physical and chemical agents
cellular aging
the result of a progressive decline in cellular function and viability caused by genetic abnormalities
