Mechanisms of action

Question 1

irreversibly (covalent), non-selectively inhibits COX, reducing PG and TXA2 synthesis

Answer 1

Aspirin (ASA)

Question 2

inhibits COX and PG synthase

Answer 2

Acetaminophen

Question 3

enhances 5-HT release (which attenuates pain mediator generation) and regulates body temperature by acting centrally

Answer 3

Acetaminophen

Question 4

A_____ acts centrally whereas A______ acts peripherally in pain relief

Answer 4

Acetaminophen, Aspirin

Question 5

Selectively, reversibly (non-covalent) inhibits COX-2 and reduces PG synthesis

Answer 5

Celecoxib

Question 6

which two opium alkaloids are synthetic?

Answer 6

Hydrocodone and Heroin

Question 7

which two opium alkaloids are naturally occurring?

Answer 7

Morphine and Codeine

Question 8

Act through G-protein coupled Mu, Delta, Kappa opioid receptors, stimulate prolactin and growth hormone release

Answer 8

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen

Question 9

Hyperpolarization with Hydrocodone/Acetaminphen is caused by outflow/decrease in _____ and increase/influx of _____

Answer 9

Potassium (K+); Chloride (Cl-)

Question 10

central acting synthetic opioid

Answer 10

Tramadol

Question 11

agonist selective for mu receptors and weak inhibitor of NE/5-HT reuptake

Answer 11

Tramadol

Question 12

unilateral, pulsating, lasting 2-72 hours

Answer 12

Migraine

Question 13

behind or around one eye, excruciating, sharp pain, lasting 15-90 minutes

Answer 13

Cluster headaches

Question 14

bilateral around head, dull/persistent, driven by stress, up to 7 days per episode

Answer 14

Tension headaches

Question 15

prophylactic migraine therapy

Answer 15

Topiramate

Question 16

acute migraine attack therapy

Answer 16

Triptans (e.g. sumatriptan), Ergotamines

Question 17

B-blockers cause ______ of blood vessels and trycyclin antidepressants cause an ____ in serotonin levels for prophylaxis migraine therapy

Answer 17

vasoconstriction; increase

Question 18

selectively activates vascular serotonin 5 HT-1 receptors

Answer 18

Sumatriptan

Question 19

stimulates neuronal serotonin receptors, decreasing the release of peptides substance P and CGRP

Answer 19

Sumatriptan

Question 20

which migraine drug is structurally similar to biogenic amines?

Answer 20

Ergotamine

Question 21

which migraine drug inhibits CN-V pain transmission?

Answer 21

Ergotamine

Question 22

which migraine drugs stimulate serotonin receptors producing intracranial vasoconstriction?

Answer 22

Sumatriptan, Ergotamine

Question 23

drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibits carbonic anhydrase, and antagonizes glutamate receptors

Answer 23

Topiramate

Question 24

augments GABA activity and stimulates Cl- channel and which causes hyperpolarization

Answer 24

Topiramate

Question 25

in coagulation, the ____ pathway affects the ____ of vit K dependent coagulation factors

Answer 25

extrinsic; synthesis

Question 26

in coagulation, the ____ pathway affects the _____ of coagulation factors

Answer 26

intrinsic; activation

Question 27

the ____ pathway is more important to the coagulation process and the ____ pathway is more important to the inflammation pathway

Answer 27

extrinsic; intrinsic

Question 28

factor __ is common to both extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways

Answer 28

X

Question 29

factor X cause conversion of ____ to _____

Answer 29

prothrombin to thrombin

Question 30

thrombin causes conversion of _____ to ______

Answer 30

fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 31

which drug inhibits ____ of oxidized vitamin K which prevents activation of factors __, __, __, ___ which are in intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways?

Answer 31

reduction; II, VII, IX, X; coumadin

Question 32

fractionated low molecular weight heparin in ____ binds to antithrombin which causes _____ inactivation of clotting factor __a and __a and ____ inhibits coagulation

Answer 32

Enoxoparin; irreversible; Xa; IIa (thrombin); indirectly

Question 33

which is predictable and safer- enoxoparin or heparin?

Answer 33

Enoxoparin- it has a longer half life, less bleeding, and can be done outpatient

Question 34

which anti-hemolytic has NO antidote?

Answer 34

Rivaroxaban

Question 35

binds to the active site of factor Xa which inhibits coagulation

Answer 35

Rivaroxaban

Question 36

The 5 platelet stimulating agents that activate GP IIa/IIIb receptors for thrombus formation are?

Answer 36

TXA2, ADP, thrombin, serotonin, collagen

Question 37

ADP receptor blocker that IRREVERSIBLY blocks ___ dependent activation of GP receptor is what drug?

Answer 37

calcium; Clopidogrel