Exam 3 MoA Flashcards
Biguanide drug
Metformin
Sulfonylureas drug
Glipizide
which drug stimulates pancreatic islet beta cell insulin release through calcium dependent pathway
Glipizide
which drug activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which ____ hepatic gluconeogenesis and intestinal glucose absorption and ____ insulin sensitivity
Metformin; supressess; increases
which three classes of diabetes drugs does NOT produce weight gain
Biguanides, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists
which Thiazolidinedione/Glitazone drug SELECTIVELY stimulates PPAR gamma which increases insulin sensitivity in the liver?
Pioglitazone
what else could PPPAR activation effects cause?
pro-inflammitory mediator production
which diabetes drug is unique in its use for polycystic ovary syndrome as well as DM-II?
Metformin
which drug INHIBITS DPP-4?
Sitagliptin
inhibition of DPP-4 by Sitagliptin has what effects on incretin, insulin, and glucagon?
slows incretin breakdown, increases insulin synthesis/release, and decreases glucagon levels
which drug INHIBITS sodium-glucose contransporter-2 (SLGT-2), reducing glucose reabsorption?
Canagliflozin
SLGT-2 inhibition does what to urinary glucose secretion?
increases urinary glucose secretion
which drug activates glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) on ___ cells which _____ insulin secretion and ___ glucagon secretion?
Dulaglutide; beta; increases; decreases
which drug is a slow release insulin analog drug for long day blood sugar regulation through stimulating peripheral glucose uptake and inhibiting gluconeogenesis/lipolysis/proteolysis?
Insulin Glargine
anticoagulant drug that prevents reduced form of Vit-K which stops activation of factors II, VII, IX, X
Coumadin
anticoagulant drug that is a fractionated, heterogeneous low molecular weight form of heparin that IRREVERSIBLY binds to antithrombin to inactivate factor Xa (and a little of factor IIa/thrombin)
Enoxaparin
drug that binds to the active site of factor Xa to prevent coagulation
Rivaroxaban
ADP receptor blocker drug that IRREVERSIBLY blocks activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors and prevents platelet formation
Clopidogrel
GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist that binds to GP IIb/IIIa receptor which inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing binding of fibrinogen
Abciximab
drug that competitively INHIBITS HMG-CoA Reductase, thus stopping an early, rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis
Atorvastatin
drug that increases hepatic LDL receptors and decreases VLDL synthesis from liver
Atorvastatin
drug that stimulates nuclear receptor PPAR (alpha) which increases transcription of insulin sensitive genes in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue (which decreases the amount of lipid in blood stream)
Fenofibrate
drug that inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, decreasing hepatic VLDL synthesis, decreasing LDL levels, and increasing HDL
Nicotinic Acid
drug that inhibits dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border
Ezetimibe
drug that IRREVERSIBLY inhibits gastric parietal cell proton pump which inhibits gastric acid secretion
Esomeprazole/Omeprazole
4 things that stimulate gastric acid secretion
acetylcholine, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and gastrin
drug that SELECTIVELY antagonizes gastric parietal cell H2 histamine receptors, thus blocking gastric secretion
Cimetidine
drugs that work through chemical neutralization of gastrointestinal acids, but do not treat production of gastric acid (symptom relief only)
Antacids
drug that inhibits combination of protein backbone and iodine, which prevents formation of thyroid molecules T3 and T4
PTU/Methamizole (for hyperthyroidism)
drug that creates synthetic T4
Synthroid Levothyroxine sodium (for hypothyroidism)
which drug binds to estrogen receptors, developing and maintaining female sex characteristics and reproductive systems?
Estrone
decline in estrogen leads to decline in ___ into bones, which increases chances of concomitant ______ when women develop menopause
Calcium deposition; osteoperosis
drug that suppresses LH and FSH, inhibiting ovulation, and also alters cervical mucus and endometrium
Yaz
drug that SELECTIVELY binds to estrogen receptors, producing estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects
Tamoxifen (Selective estrogen receptor modulator or SERM)
drug indicated for metastatic breast cancer
Tamoxifen
which drug has a high affinity for calcium, and works by inhibting HMG-CoA later in the pathway, causing osteoclast cell death, which thus decreases bone reabsorption
Alendronate (osteoperosis)
which drug is a nitrogen biphosphate?
Alendronate
which drug acts as a folic acid analogue–>which INHIBITS dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)–> which prevents formation of tetrahydrofolate (FH4)–> which INHIBITS lymphocyte proliferation?
Methotrexate
what 4 things play a key role in stimulating emesis?
Serotonin and dopamine (D2) in the chemoreceptor trigger zone; histamine (H1) and muscarinics (M1) through vestibular pathways
antihistaminics, benzodiapenes, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and serotonin antagonists all can have what kind of effects on vomiting center?
anti-emetic effects
M1 antagonist drug example that works as an anticholinergic?
Scopolamine
which drug is a NON-selective central and peripheral H1 ANTAGONIST (and a small D2 antagonistic effect)?
Promethazine (anti-emetic)
which drug is a SELECTIVE D2 antagonist?
Chlorpromazine (anti-emetic)
which drug SELECTIVELY ANTAGONIZES 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptors?
Ondansetron
