Exam 3 MoA

Question 1

Biguanide drug

Answer 1

Metformin

Question 2

Sulfonylureas drug

Answer 2

Glipizide

Question 3

which drug stimulates pancreatic islet beta cell insulin release through calcium dependent pathway

Answer 3

Glipizide

Question 4

which drug activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which ____ hepatic gluconeogenesis and intestinal glucose absorption and ____ insulin sensitivity

Answer 4

Metformin; supressess; increases

Question 5

which three classes of diabetes drugs does NOT produce weight gain

Answer 5

Biguanides, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists

Question 6

which Thiazolidinedione/Glitazone drug SELECTIVELY stimulates PPAR gamma which increases insulin sensitivity in the liver?

Answer 6

Pioglitazone

Question 7

what else could PPPAR activation effects cause?

Answer 7

pro-inflammitory mediator production

Question 8

which diabetes drug is unique in its use for polycystic ovary syndrome as well as DM-II?

Answer 8

Metformin

Question 9

which drug INHIBITS DPP-4?

Answer 9

Sitagliptin

Question 10

inhibition of DPP-4 by Sitagliptin has what effects on incretin, insulin, and glucagon?

Answer 10

slows incretin breakdown, increases insulin synthesis/release, and decreases glucagon levels

Question 11

which drug INHIBITS sodium-glucose contransporter-2 (SLGT-2), reducing glucose reabsorption?

Answer 11

Canagliflozin

Question 12

SLGT-2 inhibition does what to urinary glucose secretion?

Answer 12

increases urinary glucose secretion

Question 13

which drug activates glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) on ___ cells which _____ insulin secretion and ___ glucagon secretion?

Answer 13

Dulaglutide; beta; increases; decreases

Question 14

which drug is a slow release insulin analog drug for long day blood sugar regulation through stimulating peripheral glucose uptake and inhibiting gluconeogenesis/lipolysis/proteolysis?

Answer 14

Insulin Glargine

Question 15

anticoagulant drug that prevents reduced form of Vit-K which stops activation of factors II, VII, IX, X

Answer 15

Coumadin

Question 16

anticoagulant drug that is a fractionated, heterogeneous low molecular weight form of heparin that IRREVERSIBLY binds to antithrombin to inactivate factor Xa (and a little of factor IIa/thrombin)

Answer 16

Enoxaparin

Question 17

drug that binds to the active site of factor Xa to prevent coagulation

Answer 17

Rivaroxaban

Question 18

ADP receptor blocker drug that IRREVERSIBLY blocks activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors and prevents platelet formation

Answer 18

Clopidogrel

Question 19

GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist that binds to GP IIb/IIIa receptor which inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing binding of fibrinogen

Answer 19

Abciximab

Question 20

drug that competitively INHIBITS HMG-CoA Reductase, thus stopping an early, rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

Answer 20

Atorvastatin

Question 21

drug that increases hepatic LDL receptors and decreases VLDL synthesis from liver

Answer 21

Atorvastatin

Question 22

drug that stimulates nuclear receptor PPAR (alpha) which increases transcription of insulin sensitive genes in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue (which decreases the amount of lipid in blood stream)

Answer 22

Fenofibrate

Question 23

drug that inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, decreasing hepatic VLDL synthesis, decreasing LDL levels, and increasing HDL

Answer 23

Nicotinic Acid

Question 24

drug that inhibits dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border

Answer 24

Ezetimibe

Question 25

drug that IRREVERSIBLY inhibits gastric parietal cell proton pump which inhibits gastric acid secretion

Answer 25

Esomeprazole/Omeprazole

Question 26

4 things that stimulate gastric acid secretion

Answer 26

acetylcholine, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and gastrin

Question 27

drug that SELECTIVELY antagonizes gastric parietal cell H2 histamine receptors, thus blocking gastric secretion

Answer 27

Cimetidine

Question 28

drugs that work through chemical neutralization of gastrointestinal acids, but do not treat production of gastric acid (symptom relief only)

Answer 28

Antacids

Question 29

drug that inhibits combination of protein backbone and iodine, which prevents formation of thyroid molecules T3 and T4

Answer 29

PTU/Methamizole (for hyperthyroidism)

Question 30

drug that creates synthetic T4

Answer 30

Synthroid Levothyroxine sodium (for hypothyroidism)

Question 31

which drug binds to estrogen receptors, developing and maintaining female sex characteristics and reproductive systems?

Answer 31

Estrone

Question 32

decline in estrogen leads to decline in ___ into bones, which increases chances of concomitant ______ when women develop menopause

Answer 32

Calcium deposition; osteoperosis

Question 33

drug that suppresses LH and FSH, inhibiting ovulation, and also alters cervical mucus and endometrium

Answer 33

Yaz

Question 34

drug that SELECTIVELY binds to estrogen receptors, producing estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects

Answer 34

Tamoxifen (Selective estrogen receptor modulator or SERM)

Question 35

drug indicated for metastatic breast cancer

Answer 35

Tamoxifen

Question 36

which drug has a high affinity for calcium, and works by inhibting HMG-CoA later in the pathway, causing osteoclast cell death, which thus decreases bone reabsorption

Answer 36

Alendronate (osteoperosis)

Question 37

which drug is a nitrogen biphosphate?

Answer 37

Alendronate

Question 38

which drug acts as a folic acid analogue–>which INHIBITS dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)–> which prevents formation of tetrahydrofolate (FH4)–> which INHIBITS lymphocyte proliferation?

Answer 38

Methotrexate

Question 39

what 4 things play a key role in stimulating emesis?

Answer 39

Serotonin and dopamine (D2) in the chemoreceptor trigger zone; histamine (H1) and muscarinics (M1) through vestibular pathways

Question 40

antihistaminics, benzodiapenes, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and serotonin antagonists all can have what kind of effects on vomiting center?

Answer 40

anti-emetic effects

Question 41

M1 antagonist drug example that works as an anticholinergic?

Answer 41

Scopolamine

Question 42

which drug is a NON-selective central and peripheral H1 ANTAGONIST (and a small D2 antagonistic effect)?

Answer 42

Promethazine (anti-emetic)

Question 43

which drug is a SELECTIVE D2 antagonist?

Answer 43

Chlorpromazine (anti-emetic)

Question 44

which drug SELECTIVELY ANTAGONIZES 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptors?

Answer 44

Ondansetron