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Pharmacology Chapter 21 > Mechanisms/Drug Class > Flashcards

Mechanisms/Drug Class Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitrates?

A

Nitrates and nitroprusside: donate NO, which activates guanylyl cyclase and increases dephosphorylation of myosin light chain in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation; inhaled nitric oxide gas: selectively dilates the pulmonary vasculature

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2
Q

Isosorbide 5-mononitrates

A

Nitrate

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3
Q

Isosorbide dinitriate

A

Nitrate

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG)

A

Nitrate

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5
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

Nitrate

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6
Q

Inhaled nitric oxide gas

A

Nitrate

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Phosphodiesterase Type V Inhibitors?

A

inhibit PDE5, an enzyme that converts cGMP to GMP, leading to cGMP accumulation in target tissues

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8
Q

Sildenafil

A

Phosphodiesterase Type V Inhibitor

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9
Q

Vardenafil

A

Phosphodiesterase Type V Inhibitor

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10
Q

Tadalafil

A

Phosphodiesterase Type V Inhibitor

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

A

Block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels and prevent the influx of calcium that promotes actin-myosin cross-bridge formation; different classes of calcium channel blockers have unique binding sites on the calcium channel and different affinities for the various conformational states of the channel

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12
Q

Dihydropyridines

A

Calcium channel blocker

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13
Q

Nifedipine

A

Calcium channel blocker (dihyropyridine)

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14
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker (dihyropyridine)

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15
Q

Felodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker (dihyropyridine)

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16
Q

Clevidipine

A

Calcium channel blocker (dihyropyridine)

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17
Q

Benzothiazepine

A

Calcium channel blocker

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18
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium channel blocker (benzothiazepine)

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19
Q

Phenylalkylamine

A

Calcium channel blocker

20
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blocker (phenylalkylamine)

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of potassium channel openers?

A

open ATP-modulated potassium channels and hyperpolarize plasma membranes, thereby inhibiting influx of calcium through voltage-gated calcium channels

22
Q

Minoxidil

A

Potassium channel opener

23
Q

Pinacidil

A

Potassium channel opener

24
Q

Nicorandil

A

Potassium channel opener

25
Q

Cromakalim

A

Potassium channel opener

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of endothelia receptor antagonists?

A

Block activation of endothelin receptors ETA and ETB by endogenous endothelin; ambrisentan has greater selectivity for ETA than bosentan

27
Q

Bosentan

A

Endothelin receptor antagonist

28
Q

Ambrisentan

A

Endothelin receptor antagonist

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of hydralazine?

A

Arteriolar vasodilator; mechanism of action is unclear, but proposed mechanisms include membrane hyperpolarization, potassium channel activation, and inhibition of IP3-induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in vascular smooth muscle

30
Q

Hydralazine

A

Hydralazine

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of α1-adrenergic antagonists?

A

Block activation of α1-adrenergic receptors by endogenous receptor agonists

32
Q

Prazosin

A

α1-adrenergic antagonist

33
Q

Doxazosin

A

α1-adrenergic antagonist

34
Q

Terazosin

A

α1-adrenergic antagonist

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of β-adrenergic antagonists?

A

Block activation of β-adrenergic receptors by endogenous receptor agonists

36
Q

Propranolol

A

β-adrenergic antagonist

37
Q

Atenolol

A

β-adrenergic antagonist

38
Q

Metoprolol

A

β-adrenergic antagonist

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

A

Inhibit cleavage of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme; inhibit degradation of bradykinin by kininase II

40
Q

Captopril

A

ACE inhibitor

41
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE inhibitor

42
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of AT1 receptor antagonists?

A

Block activation of AT1 receptors by endogenous AT II

44
Q

Losartan

A

AT1 receptor antagonist

45
Q

Valsartan

A

AT1 receptor antagonist

Pharmacology Chapter 21 (5 decks)

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