mechanisms Flashcards
addition polymerisation (free radical)
conditions- low temp, high pressure
forms- polyalkene
free radical substitution
reagent- Cl2
conditions- UV light
forms- chloroalkane
electrophilic addition (forming a bromoalkane)
reagent- HX(g)
conditions- room temp
forms- bromoalkane
electrophilic addition (forming a dibromoalkane)
reagent- Br2 in H2O/ organic solvent
conditions- room temp
forms- dibromoalkane
electrophilic addition (with H2SO4)
reagent- conc H2SO4
conditions- cold
forms- alkylhydrogensulphate
hydrolysis
reagent- water
conditions- warm
forms- alcohol from alkylhydrogensulphate
hydration
reagent- steam
conditions- 300c, 60 atm, H3PO4 catalyst
forms- alcohol from alkene
nucleophilic substitution (forming alcohol)
reagent- NaOH (aq) or KOH (aq)
conditions- aq, warm, reflux
forms- alcohol from haloalkane
nucleophilic substitution (forming a nitrile)
reagent- KCN
conditions- aq, ethanol, boil under reflux
forms- nitrile from haloalkane
nucleophilic substitution (forming an amine)
reagent- ammonia
conditions- ethanolic, heat
forms- amine from haloalkane
mild oxidation (primary alcohol)
reagent- K2Cr2O7, dilute H2SO4
conditions- warm, distillation
forms- aldehyde from primary alcohol
elimination (using haloalkane)
reagent- KOH
conditions- ethanolic, heat
forms- alkene from haloalkane
oxidation (secondary alcohol)
reagent- KRCr2O7, dilute H2SO4
conditions- heat, distillation
forms- ketone from secondary alcohol
oxidation (aldehyde)
reagent- K2Cr2O7, dilute H2SO4
conditions-heat, reflux
forms- carboxylic acid from aldehyde
elimination (using alcohol)
reagent- conc H2SO4
conditions- heat
forms- alkene from alcohol
Fermentation
reagent- yeats
conditions- 35-55c, anaerobic
forms- ethanol from glucose
