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Chemistry > 3.1 intro to organic chem > Flashcards

3.1 intro to organic chem Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a functional group?

A

group of atoms responsible for a molecules characteristic reactions

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2
Q

what is molecular formula?

A

giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
eg c2h6

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3
Q

what is structural formula?

A

shows atoms carbon by carbon withe attached h and functional groups
eg ch3ch2ch3

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4
Q

what is displayed formula?

A

shows how all atoms are arranged and bonds between them

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5
Q

what is empirical formula?

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
eg ch3

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6
Q

what is general formula?

A

an algebraic formula describing any member of a family of compounds
eg cnh2n

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7
Q

what is a homologous series?

A

family of compounds w same general formula, same functional group and consecutive members increase by ch2 so phys properties change slightly but chem same so react similar

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8
Q

what is skeletal formula?

A

shows bonds of carbon skeleton only with any functional groups. h and c arent shown- c is at each junction

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9
Q

alkanes

A

CnH2n+2
suffix- ane
prefix- number of c atoms
saturated (all carbons has 4 single bonds)
eg C3H8

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10
Q

halogenoalkanes

A

alkane but one or more H atoms replaced by a halogen
prefix- bromo, chloro etc
eg CH3Cl

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11
Q

cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n
suffix-ane
prefix- cyclo
ring of c with 2 h attached to each

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12
Q

branched alkanes

A

alkanes where all C arent in straight line
main chain with carbons coming off-branches are alkyl groups
eg 2-methylbutane

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13
Q

alkenes

A

CnH2n
suffix-ene
prefix- no of C
hydrocarbons w c=c
unsaturated- C on either end of = only bond to 3 others

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14
Q

alcohols

A

CnH2n
suffix-ol
prefix-hydroxy
OH (hydroxyl functional group)

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15
Q

aldehydes

A

R-CHO
suffix-al
prefix-oxo
one of end C has double bond to O and single bond to H

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16
Q

ketones

A

R-CO-R’
suffix- one
prefix-oxo
C=O bond but not on end C
R and R’ are alkyl groups with may/not be same

17
Q

carboxylic acid

A

R-COOH
suffix- oic acid
double bond to o and single to OH

18
Q

why do we need IUPAC names?

A

so scientists across the world can communicate and understand

19
Q

how do you number chain?

A

so you use the lowest numbers eg instead of 6-methylhexane you could number from other side to have 1-methylhexane

20
Q

priority in nomenclature
(which to give lowest number)

A

halogens (low priority)
alkyl groups
alkenes
others (high priority)

21
Q

what is a mechanism?

A

breaks reaction into sequence of stages
use curly arrows to show where bonds are made/broken

22
Q

where do curly arrows start and end?

A

start at bond or lone pair
end where new bond formed

23
Q

what is an isomer?

A

molecules with same molecular formula but put together in diff way

24
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

same molecular formula but diff structural formula

25
Q

3 types of structural isomer

A

chain, position, functional group

26
Q

what is chain isomerism?

A

same functional group, diff arrangement of C skeleton

27
Q

what is position isomerism?

A

same skeleton and same atom/group of atoms attached but attached to diff carbons

28
Q

what is functional group isomerism?

A

same atoms arranged into diff functional groups

29
Q

which functional groups are functional group isomers of each other?

A

see poster

30
Q

what is a stereoisomer?

A

same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

31
Q

what is an E/Z isomer?

A

a stereoisomer that occurs in a molecule with a c=c double bond

32
Q

what shape are c=c and atoms around in a e/z isomer?

A

C=C bond and atoms bonded to them lie in same plane- trigonal planar
smaller alkenes eg ethene- planar
larger alkenes- only c=c planar
atoms attached to each c form equilateral triangle

33
Q

can atoms rotate around a c=c bond?

A

no

34
Q

e/z isomerism in alkenes

A

caused by restricted movement
if C=C have diff species attached, arrangement is important

35
Q

E-isomer

A

matching groups across double bond from each other

36
Q

Z-isomer

A

matching groups both above/below double bond (zame zide)

37
Q

when do you have to use Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules?

A

when c=c surrounded by 4 diff species

38
Q

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules:

A

Assign priority of 2 atoms to each side of double bond by looking at atoms directly bonded to C
Atom w higher atomic number on each side has priority
If same, look at next atom
If highest priority on same size-z if not-e

Chemistry (18 decks)

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