Mechanisms

Question 1

Alkane&raquo_space;> halogenoaklane

Answer 1

Free-radical substitution

Question 1

Alkene&raquo_space;> (di) halogenoalkane / alkylhydrogensulfate

Answer 1

Electrophilic addition

Question 2

Halogenoalkane&raquo_space; alcohol/nitrile/amine

Answer 2

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 3

Halogenoalkane&raquo_space;> alkene

Answer 3

Elimination

Question 4

Conditions and reagents for nucleophilic substitution to form an alcohol:

Answer 4

Reagents - KOH or NaOH
Conditions - warm and aqueous

Question 5

Conditions and reagents for nucleophilic substitution to form a nitrile:

Answer 5

Reagent - KCN
Conditions - warm and ethanolic

Question 6

Conditions and reagents for nucleophilic substitution to form an amine:

Answer 6

Reagents - excess NH3
Conditions - warm and ethanolic

Question 7

Conditions and reagents for elimination:

Answer 7

Reagents - KOH or NaOH
Conditions - hot and ethanolic

Question 8

KEY DEFINITION: electrophile

Answer 8

An electron pair acceptor

Question 9

KEY DEFINITION: nucleophile

Answer 9

An electron pair donor

Question 10

What is the role of OH- ions in nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 10

Nucleophile (electron pair donor)

Question 11

What is the role of OH- ions in elimination?

Answer 11

Base