3.1 Introduction to organic chem Flashcards
1
Q
KEY DEFINITION - empirical formula
A
- the simplest whole number ratio of each element present in a molecule
2
Q
KEY DEFINITION - molecular formula
A
- the actual number of atoms of an element present in a molecule
3
Q
KEY DEFINITION - structural formula
A
- shows how the atoms in a molecule are arranged
4
Q
KEY DEFINITION - displayed formula
A
- shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule
5
Q
KEY DEFINITION - skeletal formula
A
- shows the shape of the carbon skeleton
6
Q
KEY DEFINITION - homologous series
A
- a family of compounds containing the same functional group and general formula but a different carbon chain length
7
Q
KEY DEFINITION - functional group
A
- an atom/group of atoms which gives an organic compound its particular chemical properties
8
Q
KEY DEFINITION - hydrocarbon
A
- compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only
9
Q
KEY DEFINITION - saturated hydrocarbons
A
- contain only single C-C bonds (commonly alkanes)
10
Q
KEY DEFINITION - un-saturated hydrocarbons
A
- contain one or more C=C double bonds (commonly alkenes)
11
Q
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
A
- hydrocarbon that has carbon chains
12
Q
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
A
- hydrocarbon that contains carbon rings
13
Q
What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
A
- hydrocarbon that contains benzene rings (C6H6)
14
Q
KEY DEFINITION - structural isomers
A
- compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
- different variations: chain isomers, position isomers, functional group isomers
15
Q
What are chain isomers?
A
- same molecular formula but their structures have the carbon chain arranged differently
16
Q
What are position isomers?
A
- isomers with their functional groups in a different position
- e.g. propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol
17
Q
What are functional group isomers?
A
- isomers with the same molecular formula but a different functional group (belong to different homologous groups)
- e.g. cyclobutane and but-1-ene (C4H8)
